{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:37:21Z","timestamp":1788482241400,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>are emerging corneal pathogens, which are closely related to<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and have intrinsic resistance to many commonly available antimicrobials. The purpose of this study is to compare the in vitro efficacy of 12 antimicrobial agents against<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>isolates recovered from clinical cases of keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recovered corneal isolates (n=58) were identified and extracted from the Microbiology Data Bank of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Comparative in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility profiles for fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and miscellaneous antibiotics were recorded using the E-test methodology. Pharmacodynamic indices (Cmax\/MIC) were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and ceftazidime (susceptibility rate ranging from 0% to 30%) while<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>isolates showed a susceptibility rate of 95%\u2013100% to these antimicrobials (P&lt;0.00001 for the various antimicrobials). Exception was moxifloxacin with 80% of susceptibility rate to<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>isolates and Cmax\/MIC=10.19. Ninety to 100% susceptibility rates were found for minocycline and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole for both<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>. One hundred per cent of the<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>isolates were susceptible to piperacillin\/tazobactam and ticarcillin\/clavulanic acid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a significant difference in susceptibility patterns between<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides may not be effective against<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotics that are not commercially available as eye drops, such as beta-lactams for<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>, and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and minocycline for both<jats:italic>A. xylosoxidans<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T17:20:39Z","timestamp":1519060839000},"page":"708-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative activity of antimicrobials against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>,<i>Achromobacter xylosoxidans<\/i>and<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/i>keratitis 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