{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T17:40:02Z","timestamp":1715622002466},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At the request of the Service des Haras, our laboratory works on the toxicological problems of the sport-horse. These studies have resulted in the setting up of an anti-doping control for equestrian competitions of various types, not only flat racing. During events, horses, must be calm and docile to the riders' order. Frequently, the latter use tranquillizers to try and win events. The analytical method for the research and identification of these compounds is described. The technique involves successively: 1. alkalinisation of the sample - saliva, blood or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. 2. extraction with diethyl ether - the recovery is 70% to 90% depending upon the drug. 3. determination by gas-liquid chromatography with use of a retention index for qualitative analysis. We can detect up to fifteen tranquillizers in any one sample, even when present at such low concentrations as found in saliva. The use of the retention index is a reliable method for qualitative analysis. For example, the method has been used for three years, during which period the rentention index of acetylpromazine remained at 3240 +\/- 7. The chromatographic analysis was performed on 3% OV-17 at 290 degrees. The chromatographic analysis has been performed by three columns of different polarity (OV-1; OV-17; SP-2250). If on the three columns, the retention index of one peak is the same as that of the tranquilizer, a further confirmation is made with the use of a thermionic detector specific for nitrogenous drugs. In conclusion, this method which is sufficiently precise and specific has been used for anti-doping control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.10.3.143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T00:52:31Z","timestamp":1229388751000},"page":"143-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Research and identification of tranquillizers - use of retention index."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Courtot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Chromatographic screening for drugs of abuse using capillary columns","author":"Caddy, B.; Fisch, F.; Scott, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Caddy, B., Fisch, F. & Scott, D. 1973. Chromatographic screening for drugs of abuse using capillary columns."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref_2","first-page":"\"293","article-title":"Peak identification on support coated open tubular columns for a series of central nervous system stimulant drugs","volume":"6","author":"Courtot, D.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Peak identification on support coated open tubular columns for a series of central nervous system stimulant drugs. Chromatographia 6, (7) 293-300. Courtot, D. 1974. M6thode de dosage de l'accepromazine par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Application au contrble anti-dopage. Bull.Soc.Sci. VftetM&d. 76, (5) 361-366.","journal-title":"Chromatographia; M6thode de dosage de l'accepromazine par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Application au contrble anti-dopage"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref_3","first-page":"31","article-title":"1964. The Kowat's retention index system","volume":"36","author":"Ettre, L.S.","unstructured":"Ettre, L. S. 1964. The Kowat's retention index system. Anal. Chem. 36, (8) 31A-41A.","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1915","article-title":"1958. Gas chromatographische charakterisierung organischer verbindungen. Teil 1. Retention indices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und ketone","volume":"41","author":"Kowats, E.","unstructured":"Kowats, E. 1958. Gas chromatographische charakterisierung organischer verbindungen. Teil 1. Retention indices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und ketone. Helv.Chim.Acta 41, 1915-1932.","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)94770-3","article-title":"Optimum use of paper, thin layer and gas liquid chromatography for the identification of basic drugs. III Gas liquid chromatography","volume":"90","author":"Moffat, A.C.; Stead, A.H.; Smalldon, K.W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Moffat, A. C., Stead, A. H. & Smalldon, K. W. 1974. Optimum use of paper, thin layer and gas liquid chromatography for the identification of basic drugs. III Gas liquid chromatography. J.of Chromatog. 90, 19-33.","journal-title":"J.of Chromatog"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60187a012","article-title":"Separation and identification of tranquillizers by gas chromatography","volume":"34","unstructured":"Parker, K. D., Fontan, C. R. & Kirk, P. L. 1962. Separation and identification of tranquillizers by gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 34, 757-760.","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Profile of sedatives and tranquillizers in serum as measured by gas liquid chromatography, Clin","volume":"17","author":"Proelss, H.; Lohmann, H.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Proelss, H. & Lohmann, H. J. 1971. Profile of sedatives and tranquillizers in serum as measured by gas liquid chromatography, Clin.Chem. 17, (3) 222-228.","journal-title":"Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)91721-2","article-title":"Comparison of gas liquid chromatographic retention indices on support coated open tubular columns and on packed columns for a series of central nervous stimulant drugs","volume":"84","author":"Staed, A.H.; Moffat, A.C.; Caddy, B.; Fisch, F.; Scott, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Staed, A. H., Moffat, A. C., Caddy, B., Fisch, F. & Scott, D. 1973. Comparison of gas liquid chromatographic retention indices on support coated open tubular columns and on packed columns for a series of central nervous stimulant drugs. J.Chromatogr. 84, (2) 392-395.","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr"},{"issue":"68","key":"ref_9","first-page":"79","article-title":"Gas liquid chromatography of submicrogram amounts of drugs. Ill Analysis of alkaloids in biological media","volume":"29","author":"Street, H.V.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Street, H. V. 1967. Gas liquid chromatography of submicrogram amounts of drugs. Ill Analysis of alkaloids in biological media. J.of Chromatog. 29, 68, 79.","journal-title":"J.of Chromatog"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2709","article-title":"1959. Gas chromatographische charakterisierung organische Verbindungen. Teil 3. Berechnung der retention indices aliphastischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen","volume":"42","author":"Werli, A.; Kowats, E.","unstructured":"Werli, A. & Kowats, E. 1959. Gas chromatographische charakterisierung organische Verbindungen. Teil 3. Berechnung der retention indices aliphastischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen. Helv.Chim.Acta 42, 2709-2736.","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.10.3.143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T17:18:23Z","timestamp":1715620703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.10.3.143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.10.3.143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.10.3.143","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]}}}