{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:36:25Z","timestamp":1776864985268,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The authors report clinical studies on lumbar disorders (clinical symptoms, X-ray findings) in athletes in various sports. The sport items were divided into three groups according to the main dynamic load applied to the lumbar region. As a result, over 60% of the athletes suffered from \"lumbago\", and among them spondylolysis reached the high rate of 27%. Arising from these clinical observations, we performed biomechanical laboratory analyses on human cadaver material, axial compression and rotational bending. Our results suggest that the incidence of spondylolysis depends upon the extent and direction of the loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.16.3.135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T00:55:24Z","timestamp":1229388924000},"page":"135-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["An aetiological study on spondylolysis from a biomechanical aspect."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Taniguichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Koshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Matsukura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.58B4.1018032","article-title":"Spondylolytic fractures","volume":"58","author":"Cyron, B.M.; Hutton, W.C.; Troup, J.D.G.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cyron, B. M., Hutton, W. C. and Troup, J. D. G., 1976 \"Spondylolytic fractures\". J.Bone and Joint Surg. 58-C: 462-466.","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052030-00006","article-title":"1970 \"The effects of torsion on the lumbar intervertebral joints: The role of torion in the production of disc degeneration\"","volume":"52","unstructured":"Farfan, H. F., Cossette, J. W., Robertson, G. H., Wellis, R. V. and Kraus',197 1970 \"The effects of torsion on the lumbar intervertebral joints: The role of torion in the production of disc degeneration\". J.Bone and Joint Surg. 52-A: 468-497.","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749020-00003","article-title":"An in vivo study of axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine","volume":"49","author":"Gregersen, G.G.; Lucas, D.B.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gregersen, G. G. and Lucas, D. B., 1967 \"An in vivo study of axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine\". J.Bone and Joint Surg. 49-A: 247-262.","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"140","article-title":"Lumbar lesion in athletes especially weight lifters","volume":"9","author":"Ichikawa, N.; Hirohashi, K.; Komatsu, K.; Wakabayashi, W.; Osada, A.; Baba, Y.; Watanabe, N.; Koshimune, M.; K., Kurodaf; Matsuda, H.; Kanbara, T.; Maeda, T.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ichikawa, N., Hirohashi, K., Komatsu, K., Wakabayashi, W., Osada, A., Baba, Y., Watanabe, N., Koshimune, M., Kurodaf K., Matsuda, H., Kanbara, T., Maeda, T., 1974 \"Lumbar lesion in athletes especially weight lifters\". Clin. Orthop.Surg. 9: 140-148 (Japanese).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"931","article-title":"Lumbar lesion in athletes especially concerning the aetiology of spondylolysis","volume":"18","author":"Ichikawa, N.; Wakabayashi, W.; Koshimune, M.; Kuroda, K.; Koshikawa, A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ichikawa, N., Wakabayashi, W., Koshimune, M., Kuroda, K., Koshikawa, A., 1975 \"Lumbar lesion in athletes especially concerning the aetiology of spondylolysis\". Traum.Medicine 18: 931-937 (Japanese).","journal-title":"Traum. Medicine"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"68","article-title":"Spondylolysis in the female gymnast","volume":"117","author":"Jackson, D.W.; Wiltse, M.D.; Cirincione, R.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jackson, D. W., Wiltse, M. D. and Cirincione, R. J., 1976 \"Spondylolysis in the female gymnast\". Clin.Orthop. 117: 68-73.","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"56","article-title":"A mechanical study on the developing factors of spondylolysis according to the deformation of human lumbar vertebrae under loading","volume":"28","author":"Koshikawa, A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Koshikawa, A., 1979 \"A mechanical study on the developing factors of spondylolysis according to the deformation of human lumbar vertebrae under loading\". J.Physical Fitness Japan 28: 56-72 (Japanese).","journal-title":"J. Physical Fitness Japan"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195941020-00012","article-title":"Spondylolysis","volume":"41","author":"Nathan, H.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Nathan, H., 1959 \"Spondylolysis\". J.Bone and Joint Surg. 41-A: 303-320.","journal-title":"J. Bone and Joint Surg"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"8","article-title":"The aetiology of spondylolysis","author":"Troup, J.D.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Troup, J. D. G., 1977 \"The aetiology of spondylolysis\". 8-57-64."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.16.3.135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T17:48:05Z","timestamp":1715622485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.16.3.135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.16.3.135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.16.3.135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]}}}