{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:39:24Z","timestamp":1787578764798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> An international, longitudinal medical follow up examination of male professional road cyclists revealed excessively elevated serum ferritin levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the importance of elevated ferritin values among professional cyclists, their relationship with age and nationality, and their evolution over 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Over 1000 serum ferritin values were collected. Other parameters were included in order to exclude conditions which might have increased ferritin levels without changing body iron stores.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In 1999, over 45% of riders displayed ferritin values above 300 ng\/ml and one fourth levels over 500 ng\/ml. These percentages had decreased to 27% and 9%, respectively, 3 years later, while the overall average, which was above the normal limits in 1999, had decreased by 33% in 3 years. Older cyclists had higher ferritin values than younger cyclists. There was also a relationship between ferritin levels and the nationality of the cyclists. Analysis of 714 riders in 2000 and 2002 showed only a slight and insignificant decrease in the mean ferritin value although those with initially elevated iron stores had a much greater decrease.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Professional road cyclists used excessive iron supplementation leading to high serum ferritin levels correlating with increased body iron stores. Although the situation progressively improved over 3 years, it remains worrying as increased body iron stores are related to health complications. Therefore, prevention in addition to the fight against doping should be a main goal of the UCI. Aggressive therapy for athletes with excessive ferritin values should be carried out at or before the end of their careers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.006635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,23]],"date-time":"2004-11-23T22:15:35Z","timestamp":1101248135000},"page":"704-708","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Abnormally high serum ferritin levels among professional road cyclists"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Zotter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Zorzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Schattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Saugy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Mangin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/27.7.681","volume":"27","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.10.770"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057632"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912233412607"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00065-5"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199910000-00002"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00231-6"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.11.1827"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.9","first-page":"5","volume":"35","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63030793.x","volume":"63","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22506"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(01)70014-5","volume":"121","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.13","first-page":"S135","volume":"69","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.4.601","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.15","first-page":"25","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V94655","volume":"9","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.17","first-page":"67","volume":"350","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Fr Lab"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.18","first-page":"947","volume":"19","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/30.2.298","volume":"30","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200205000-00023","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(81)90061-9"},{"key":"2025080114481051000_38.6.704.22","unstructured":"Robinson N , Schweizer C, Cardis C, et al. 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