{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:20:56Z","timestamp":1773181256578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Tendinopathies of the rotator cuff muscles, biceps tendon and pectoralis major muscle are common causes of shoulder pain in athletes. Overuse insertional tendinopathy of pectoralis minor is a previously undescribed cause of shoulder pain in weightlifters\/sportsmen.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To describe the clinical features, diagnostic tests and results of an overuse insertional tendinopathy of the pectoralis minor muscle. To also present a new technique of ultrasonographic evaluation and injection of the pectoralis minor muscle\/tendon based on use of standard anatomical landmarks (subscapularis, coracoid process and axillary artery) as stepwise reference points for ultrasonographic orientation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Between 2005 and 2006, seven sportsmen presenting with this condition were diagnosed and treated at the Cape Shoulder Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> In five patients, the initiating and aggravating factor was performance of the bench-press exercise (hence the term \u201cbench-presser\u2019s shoulder\u201d). Medial juxta-coracoid tenderness, a painful active-contraction test and bench-press manoeuvre, and decrease in pain after ultrasound-guided injection of a local anaesthetic agent into the enthesis, in the absence of any other clinically\/radiologically apparent pathology, were diagnostic of pectoralis minor insertional tendinopathy. All seven patients were successfully treated with a single ultrasound-guided injection of a corticosteroid into the enthesis of pectoralis minor followed by a period of rest and stretching exercises.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study describes the clinical features and management of pectoralis minor insertional tendinopathy, secondary to the bench-press type of weightlifting. A new pain site-based classification of shoulder pathology in weightlifters is suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T20:34:12Z","timestamp":1164918852000},"page":"e11-e11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The \u201cbench-presser\u2019s shoulder\u201d: an overuse insertional tendinopathy of the pectoralis minor muscle"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Deepak N","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe F","family":"de Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin S","family":"van Rooyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald F","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434140-00005"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199701000-00016","volume":"79","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.3","first-page":"816","volume":"71","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.4","unstructured":"Marone P J. Shoulder injuries in sports. London: Martin Dunitz, 1992:47\u00e2\u0080\u009368."},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.5","unstructured":"Kendall F P, McCreary E K. Muscles: testing and function. 3rd edn. Baltimore\/London: Williams & Wilkins, 1983:106."},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310011101","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310022601","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.05.005","volume":"22","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.9","first-page":"160","volume":"214","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.08.011"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199912000-00001"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200407000-00009"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7309.382"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199927060-00004"},{"key":"2025080115102219000_41.8.e11.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280010501","volume":"28","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032383","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T22:10:27Z","timestamp":1754086227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]]}}}