{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T15:17:11Z","timestamp":1773242231939,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p> To determine if a heart rate-based protocol for bronchial provocation testing ensures sufficient exercise intensity for inducing exercise-induced bronchial obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>100 clinically healthy non-asthmatic sports students.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects underwent an exercise challenge test (ECT) on a treadmill ergometer for bronchial provocation according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). Heart rate (HR), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), pH (pH) and lactate concentration were measured before and after exercise.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After exercise in 56% of the examined subjects lactate concentrations were &lt;6 mmol\/l. A highly significant decrease in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (mean \u22124.41 (SD 1.5%)) was found at concentrations of &gt;6 mmol\/l, whereas at concentrations &lt;6.48 mmol\/l, no participant showed an impairment of lung function (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values \u2a7d90%). In five subjects, a bronchial obstruction was found, as shown by decreases in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> of \u221210 to \u221247% after exercise. The lactate concentrations in these individuals were between 6.48 and 11.7 mmol\/l, indicating a predominantly anaerobic metabolic response to exercise.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results show that the ATS standard protocol, using a heart rate formula for assessing the exercise intensity, is not sufficient to cause predominantly anaerobic lactate metabolism and hence exercise-induced hyperventilation. Therefore, a potential bronchial obstruction could not be induced in 56% of the subjects. For a sensitive study design, exercise intensities demanding anaerobic lactate metabolism should always be ensured. A more precise protocol is required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.041715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,28]],"date-time":"2008-02-28T21:10:15Z","timestamp":1204233015000},"page":"429-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Heart rate-based protocols for exercise challenge testing do not ensure sufficient exercise intensity for inducing exercise-induced bronchial obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Tr\u00fcmper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"M\u00e4ueler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Vobejda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080113463526000_43.6.429.1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of exercise- related asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in sports.","volume":"33","year":"2005,","journal-title":"Eur Resp J"},{"key":"2025080113463526000_43.6.429.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroegel C . 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