{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:33:50Z","timestamp":1787016830547,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increase in knee laxity during the menstrual cycle may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether changing knee laxity during the menstrual cycle correlates with changing knee joint loads in a cutting manoeuvre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25 healthy women, with a normal menstrual cycle, no history of oral contraceptive use, and no previous knee injury<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum hormone concentrations were assessed and knee joint laxity at a load of 89 N was measured during the follicular, ovulation and luteal phases. Participants performed 10 trials of a cutting manoeuvre to quantify knee joint mechanics at each test session.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measurements:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee joint laxity (mm), peak knee angle (\u00b0) and knee joint moment (Nm) and knee joint impulse (Nms).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased knee laxity was observed during ovulation compared with the luteal phase, but no significant changes in knee mechanics corresponding to menstrual phases were found. A positive correlation was found between changes in knee laxity and changes in knee joint loads (\u0394moment or \u0394impulse) from the follicular phase to ovulation, and from ovulation to the luteal phase (p&lt;0.05). Women in whom knee laxity increased showed increased knee loads, and those in whom knee laxity decreased showed decreased knee loads during the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee laxity correlates positively with knee joint loads, and increased knee laxity during the menstrual cycle may be a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in certain women during sports activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.049270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]],"date-time":"2008-08-26T20:14:24Z","timestamp":1219781664000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Relationship between knee joint laxity and knee joint mechanics during the menstrual cycle"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"S-K","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Stefanyshyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Ronsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300611"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679409000907"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huston LJ Greenfield ML Wojtys EM . Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the female athlete. Potential risk factors. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2000;(372):50\u201363.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200003000-00007"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438620390231193"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300021901","article-title":"A comparison of knee kinetics between male and female recreational athletes in stop-jump tasks.","volume":"30","author":"Chappell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00019-5"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128180.51443.83"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506297537"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00025-1"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollman JH Deusinger RH Van Dillen LR . Gender differences in surface rolling and gliding kinematics of the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003;(413):208\u201321.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000072902.36018.fe"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400405"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00181-X"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01565992"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465990270060301","article-title":"The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes. A prospective study.","volume":"27","author":"Hewett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858345"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200303000-00002"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250410023971"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198602000-00007","article-title":"Electro-mechanical response times and rate of force development in males and females.","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.9.1.15","article-title":"Measurement of knee-joint-position sense in women with genu recurvatum.\/Mesure du sens de la position de la rotule chez des femmes presentant un genu recurvatum.","volume":"9","author":"Loudon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.11.001"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670100228"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.004861"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00185.x","article-title":"A prospective cohort study of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite Norwegian team handball.","volume":"8","author":"Myklebust","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.24","first-page":"275","article-title":"The Menstrual Cycle, Sex Hormones, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.","volume":"37","author":"Slauterbeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260050301","article-title":"Association between the menstrual cycle and anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes.","volume":"26","author":"Wojtys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-001-0326-0"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0143-5"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.28","first-page":"144","article-title":"Hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle and increased anterior cruciate ligament laxity in females.","volume":"34","author":"Heitz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000132270.43579.1A"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0302-3"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0047-4"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90098-Y"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506288753"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90054-7"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2895496"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.36","unstructured":"Colton T . Statistics in medicine. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1974."},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130618"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138223","article-title":"The contribution of the cruciate ligaments to the load-displacement characteristics of the human knee joint.","volume":"102","author":"Piziali","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2000.7682","article-title":"The forces in the anterior cruciate ligament and knee kinematics during a simulated pivot shift test: a human cadaveric study using robotic technology.","volume":"16","author":"Kanamori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.031"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258928"},{"key":"2024051313332992000_43.3.174.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900303"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.049270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T16:33:46Z","timestamp":1715618026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.049270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.2008.049270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2008.049270","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]]}}}