{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:56:50Z","timestamp":1783479410297,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) treatment has previously demonstrated short-term efficacy in the treatment of lateral epicondylosis. No long-term follow-up has been performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benefits from topical GTN persist 5 years after the cessation of therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective comparative study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A follow-up study of 58 patients treated with 6 months of topical GTN or placebo, combined with a tendon rehabilitation programme, was performed 5 years after discontinuation of therapy. Assessment included patient-rated pain scores, clinically assessed lateral epicondylar and proximal common extensor tendon tenderness, hand-held dynamometer measurement of resisted third finger metacarpophalangeal extension with a fully extended elbow (Maudsley's test) and wrist extensor tendon mean peak force using a modified chair pick-up test (the Orthopaedic Research Institute\u2014tennis elbow testing system).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients in both the GTN group and those in the placebo group had significant improvements in symptoms, clinical signs and provocative functional tests compared with baseline week 0 measures. GTN did not offer any additional clinical benefit over a standard tendon rehabilitation programme at 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While GTN appears to offer short-term benefits up to 6 months in the treatment of lateral epicondylosis, at 5 years there does not appear to be significant clinical benefits when compared with patients undertaking a standard tendon rehabilitation programme alone. This is in contrast to findings of continued benefits at long-term follow-up described in the literature for patients with Achilles tendinopathy treated with GTN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.061002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,25]],"date-time":"2009-06-25T00:14:22Z","timestamp":1245888862000},"page":"416-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Five-year prospective comparison study of topical glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic lateral epicondylosis at the elbow"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sebastian DA","family":"McCallum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin A","family":"Paoloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George AC","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051313513160000_45.5.416.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009747409097141"},{"key":"2024051313513160000_45.5.416.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj325"},{"key":"2024051313513160000_45.5.416.3","first-page":"209","article-title":"Corticosteroid injections for lateral epicondylitis: a systematic overview","volume":"46","author":"Assendelft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2024051313513160000_45.5.416.4","unstructured":"Brukner P Khan K . 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