{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:22:46Z","timestamp":1791973366007,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The findings of ultrasound examination at and around the lateral humeral epicondyle in 41 tennis players suffering from so called tennis elbow are reported. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a real time ultrasound machine. The tenderness and functional impairment of tennis elbow may be caused by several different lesions, at times appearing in association. Six ultrasonographic characteristics could be identified: Enthesiopathy The proximal part of the tendon was enlarged and there were echogenicity alterations. Tendonitis The tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis was enlarged and areas of dyshomogeneous hypoechogenicity were evident with loss of the normal microscopic waveform structure of the tendon collagen. Peritendonitis A thickening of the peritendonous lining was present. Bursitis A bursa was located on the inferior surface of the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. Intramuscular haematoma Some circular or ovoid hypoechogenic areas within the muscular substance of the extensor carpi radialis brevis were evident. Mixed lesions These were not correlated with the intensity and the duration of the symptoms. Ultrasonographic examination gives a detailed ++image of the structures involved in the tennis elbow syndrome, confirms the diagnosis, and may be useful in monitoring treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T00:55:24Z","timestamp":1229388924000},"page":"151-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Tennis elbow: an ultrasonographic study in tennis players."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Maffulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Regine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/28.3.186","article-title":"Tennis elbow - a reappraisal Br","volume":"28","author":"Chard, M.D.; Hazleman, B.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chard, M.D. and Hazleman, B.L. Tennis elbow - a reappraisal Br J Rheumatol 1989, 28, 186-190","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/22.2.77","article-title":"A clinical and thermographic study of lateral epicondylitis Brit I","volume":"22","author":"Binder, A.; Parr, G.; Page Thomas, P.; Hazleman, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Binder, A., Parr, G., Page Thomas, P. and Hazleman, B. A clinical and thermographic study of lateral epicondylitis Brit I Rheum 1983, 22, 77-81","journal-title":"Rheum"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-742X(21)00266-6","volume":"5","author":"Niepal, G.A.; Sitaj, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Niepal, G.A. and Sitaj, S. Enthesopathy Clin Rheum Dis 1979, 5, 857-872","journal-title":"Enthesopathy Clin Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"109","article-title":"Tennis elbow Clin Orthop","volume":"51","author":"Friedlander, H.L.; Reid, R.L.; Cape, R.I.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Friedlander, H.L., Reid, R.L. and Cape, R.I. Tennis elbow Clin Orthop 1967, 51, 109-116"},{"issue":"1439-1442","key":"ref_5","first-page":"787","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome, humeral epicondylitis and the cervical spine. A study of clinical and dimensional relations Br Med","volume":"1","author":"Murray-Leslie, C.F.; Wright, V.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Murray-Leslie, C.F. and Wright, V. Carpal tunnel syndrome, humeral epicondylitis and the cervical spine. A study of clinical and dimensional relations Br Med J 1976, 1, 1439-1442 6 Werner, C. Lateral elbow pain and posterior interosseus nerve entrapment Acta Orthop Scand 1979, Suppl, 174, 16-2 7 Bosworth, D.M. The role of the orbicular ligament in tennis elbow J Bone Joint Surg 1955, 37A, 527-533 8 Nirschl, R.P. Tennis elbow Orthop Clin North Am 1972, 4, 787-800","journal-title":"J; Lateral elbow pain and posterior interosseus nerve entrapment Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_6","volume":"24","author":"J, Br","unstructured":"Br. J. Sports Med., Vol 24, No. 3","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"149-153","key":"ref_7","first-page":"10","article-title":"Lateral epicondylitis. A review of the structures associated with tennis elbow Anat Clin","volume":"7","author":"Briggs, C.A.; Elliot, B.G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Briggs, C.A. and Elliot, B.G. Lateral epicondylitis. A review of the structures associated with tennis elbow Anat Clin 1985, 7, 149-153 10 Legwold, G. Tennis elbow: joint resolution by conservative treatment and improved technique Phys Sportsmed 1984, 12, 168-182 11 Carrol, R. Tennis elbow: incidence in local league players Br I Sports Med 1981, 15, 250-256","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed; Tennis elbow: joint resolution by conservative treatment and improved technique"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1987.6.1.19","article-title":"The hypoechoic normal tendon. A pitfall I","volume":"6","author":"Fornage, B.D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fornage, B.D. The hypoechoic normal tendon. A pitfall I Ultrasound Med 1987, 6, 19-22","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Anatomy. Regional and Applied","volume-title":"The Injured Athelete","volume":"14","author":"Last, R.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Last, R.J. 'Anatomy. Regional and Applied' Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1984 14 Kulund, D.N. 'The Injured Athelete' J.B. Lippincott"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000408","article-title":"Percutaneous release of the epicondylar muscles for humeral epicondylitis","volume":"10","author":"Baumgard, S.H.; Schwartz, D.R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Company, Philadelphia, 1982 15 Baumgard, S.H. and Schwartz, D.R. Percutaneous release of the epicondylar muscles for humeral epicondylitis Am I Sports Med 1982, 10, 233-236","journal-title":"Am I Sports Med"},{"issue":"145-149","key":"ref_11","first-page":"17","article-title":"A classification of Achilles tendon disease","volume":"4","author":"Puddu, G.; Ippolito, E.; Postacchini, F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Puddu, G., Ippolito, E. and Postacchini, F. A classification of Achilles tendon disease Am J Sports Med 1976, 4, 145-149 17 Viikari-Juntura, E. Tenosynovitis, peritendinitis and the tennis elbow syndrome Scan I Work Environ Health","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med; Tenosynovitis, peritendinitis and the tennis elbow syndrome Scan I Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_12","author":"Maffulli, N.; Regine, R.; Angelillo, M.; Capasso, G.","unstructured":", 10, 443-449 18 Maffulli, N., Regine, R., Angelillo, M., Capasso, G."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners Br","volume":"989","author":"Filice, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"and Filice, S. Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners Br J Sports Med 1987, 21, 158-162 19 Maffulli, N., Dymond, N.P. and Capasso, G. Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon J Sports Med Phys Fit 989, 29, 365-368 20 Maffulli, N., Dymond, N.P. and Regine, R. Surgical repair of ruptured Achilles tendon in sportsmen and sedentary patients: a longitudinal ultrasound assessment Int I Sports Med 1990, 11, 78-84","journal-title":"J Sports Med; Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Applications are invited for the 1991 aware of the Porritt Fellowship given by the Winthrop Foundation in honour of the Rt Hon The Lord Porritt GCMG CGVO CBE FRCS, to encourage the study of sports medicine and injuries in sport. The purpose of the Porritt Fellowship is to encourage study of the physiology and biochemistry of sporting achievement and\/or the aetiology, pathology, prevention and treatment of accidents and injuries associated with sporting activities. The work may be carried out in the UK or abroad, and should be suitable for publication or form part of a thesis for higher qualifications. A candidate must hold the Fellowship of a Royal College of Surgeons in Great Britain or Ireland, or of one of their Faculties or be a medically qualified member of the staff of one of their scientific departments. Successful candidates will probably hold university, NHS or other salaried posts, and will use their Fellowships to travel to centres at home or abroad to study","unstructured":"Applications are invited for the 1991 aware of the Porritt Fellowship given by the Winthrop Foundation in honour of the Rt Hon The Lord Porritt GCMG CGVO CBE FRCS, to encourage the study of sports medicine and injuries in sport. The purpose of the Porritt Fellowship is to encourage study of the physiology and biochemistry of sporting achievement and\/or the aetiology, pathology, prevention and treatment of accidents and injuries associated with sporting activities. The work may be carried out in the UK or abroad, and should be suitable for publication or form part of a thesis for higher qualifications. A candidate must hold the Fellowship of a Royal College of Surgeons in Great Britain or Ireland, or of one of their Faculties or be a medically qualified member of the staff of one of their scientific departments. Successful candidates will probably hold university, NHS or other salaried posts, and will use their Fellowships to travel to centres at home or abroad to study."},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"The value of the Fellowship is \u00a35,000 tenable normally for a period of one year, from September 1991, and a Porritt Fellow may be invited to deliver a Porritt Lecture by the British Association of Sport and Medicine. Applications must reach","author":"E, R.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"The value of the Fellowship is \u00a35,000 tenable normally for a period of one year, from September 1991, and a Porritt Fellow may be invited to deliver a Porritt Lecture by the British Association of Sport and Medicine. Applications must reach R.H.E. Duffett not later than Friday 26th April 1991 and must include the following:","journal-title":"Duffett not later than Friday; and must include the following"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T06:09:06Z","timestamp":1715666946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.24.3.151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}}}