{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:01:21Z","timestamp":1778112081778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>From 1985 to 1988, 90 closed tibial fractures were prospectively studied to assess the morbidity of such injuries to sports people and how this can be influenced by treatment regimens. All fractures were sustained during rugby or football matches. After random selection, 45 fractures were openly reduced and internally fixed (group A), and 45 fractures were manipulated under general anaesthesia and a long-leg plaster applied (group B). For patients in group A, below-knee plasters were used for 3 to 4 weeks, with immediate weight-bearing when tolerated. A total of 44 (98%) tibiae united clinically and radiologically within 14-18 weeks. Within 4 months of surgery 28 (62%) patients had returned to work and were able to play again by the following season. By 6 months 17 (38%) patients had resumed normal activities. In group B, only 24 (53%) tibiae united in a mean time of 16 weeks (range 12-40 weeks). Six (13%) patients required bone grafting for non-union, and one patient subsequently developed osteomyelitis. Only ten (22%) patients were back to work and playing sport again within 6 months of initial injury. It is concluded that internal fixation of closed tibial fractures as a primary procedure following low velocity sports injuries can be safely performed. It leads to a faster return to normal activities with fewer complications than does conservative treatment in plaster using contemporary methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.25.4.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T00:55:24Z","timestamp":1229388924000},"page":"213-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Internal fixation of closed tibial fractures for the management of sports injuries."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Abdel-Salam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K S","family":"Eyres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"The Closed Treatment of Common Fractures","author":"Charnley, J.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Charnley J. The Closed Treatment of Common Fractures, 3rd edn. Edinburgh and London: E and S Livingstone, 1961.","edition":"3rd edn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576305600605","article-title":"Internal fixation for fresh fractures and nonunion","volume":"56","author":"Muller, M.E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Muller ME. Internal fixation for fresh fractures and nonunion. I R Soc Med 1963; 56: 455-60.","journal-title":"I R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"295","article-title":"A functional below-the-knee brace for tibial fractures","volume-title":"I Bone Joint Surg LAmI","volume":"52","author":"Sarmiento, A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sarmiento A. A functional below-the-knee brace for tibial fractures. I Bone Joint Surg LAmI 1970; 52: 295-311."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"260","article-title":"Slow union of fractures with a study of 804 fractures","volume-title":"Br I Surg","volume":"30","author":"WD, Watson-Jones R.Coctart","year":"1943","unstructured":"Watson-Jones R. Coctart WD. Slow union of fractures with a study of 804 fractures. Br I Surg 1943; 30: 260-2."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"213","article-title":"Tibial fractures treated according to the AO method","volume":"4","author":"Soiheim, K.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Soiheim K Tibial fractures treated according to the AO method. Injury 1972; 4: 213-20.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_6","article-title":"Sp Med","volume":"25","author":"Br, J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Br J Sp Med 1991; 25(4)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(70)80002-X","article-title":"Primary medullary nailing of the tibia for fractures of the shaft in adults","volume":"2","author":"Zucman, J.; Maurer, P.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Zucman J, Maurer P. Primary medullary nailing of the tibia for fractures of the shaft in adults. Injury 1970; 2: 84-92.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(77)90037-9","article-title":"Biomechanical study of internal fixation of the tibial shaft","volume":"10","author":"Minns, R.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Minns RJ. Biomechanical study of internal fixation of the tibial shaft. J Biomech 1977; 10: 569-79.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.373","article-title":"Fractures of the tibial shaft; a survey of 705 cases","volume":"46","author":"Nicoll, E.A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Nicoll EA. Fractures of the tibial shaft; a survey of 705 cases. I Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1964; 46: 373-87.","journal-title":"I Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"787","article-title":"Healing of closed tibial fractures","volume":"70","author":"Oni 00, Hun A, Gregg PJ","year":"1988","unstructured":"Oni 00, Hun A, Gregg PJ. Healing of closed tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1988; 70: 787-90.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"41","key":"ref_11","first-page":"1495","article-title":"The natural history of the fractured tibia","volume":"1961","author":"Dehne, E.; Deffer, P.A.; Hall, R.M.; Brown, P.W.; Johnson, E.V.","unstructured":"Dehne E, Deffer PA, Hall RM, Brown PW, Johnson EV. The natural history of the fractured tibia. Surg Clin North Am 1961; 41: 1495-513.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.25.4.213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T06:17:11Z","timestamp":1715667431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.25.4.213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.25.4.213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.25.4.213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,12]]}}}