{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:45:47Z","timestamp":1791308747897,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To describe and report results from the procedures and protocols used by the British Cycling Federation during the squad medicals of its elite cyclists. METHODS: Screening of over 500 elite riders has been done by doctors, dentists, physiotherapists, opticians, and dietitians since 1990. A questionnaire provided additional information on musculoskeletal problems. RESULTS: 523 riders have been examined and 92 (17.5%) have been referred for further assessment or treatment. Most of these riders were sent either to their own general practitioner or to the British Olympic Medical Centre. The questionnaire was completed by 81% of riders. Low back pain was the most common problem that riders encountered (60%), and knee pain the second most common (33%). Four riders failed the eye examination, and a further 11 were classed as borderline. Twenty one per cent of riders undergoing dental examination needed further dental treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The squad medical is an important and useful strategy for evaluating elite British cyclists. It shows that a structured system can help early diagnosis and treatment to provide injury-free cyclists at the start of a competitive season. The results from the questionnaire confirm previously unsubstantiated opinions about the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in cyclists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T00:55:24Z","timestamp":1229388924000},"page":"349-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of elite British cyclists: the role of the squad medical."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300308","article-title":"Non traumatic injuries in amateur long distance bicyclists","volume":"13","author":"Weiss, B.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Weiss BD. Non traumatic injuries in amateur long distance bicyclists. Am J Sports Med 1985;13: 187-92.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30360-4","article-title":"Neck and back pain in bicycling","volume":"13","author":"Mellion, M.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mellion MB. Neck and back pain in bicycling. Clin Sports Med 1994;13:137-64","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199111010-00004","article-title":"Common cycling injuries, management and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Mellion, M.B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mellion MB. Common cycling injuries, management and prevention. Sports Med 1991;11:52-70.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(85)90057-9","article-title":"A study of bicycle accidents","volume":"16","author":"Ballham, A.; Absoud, E.M.; Kotecha, M.B.; Bodiwala, G.G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ballham A, Absoud EM, Kotecha MB, Bodiwala GG. A study of bicycle accidents. Injury 1985;16:405-8.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.1.5","article-title":"The athlete's heart: is big beautiful?","volume":"30","author":"Shepherd, R.J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shepherd RJ. The athlete's heart: is big beautiful? 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Clin Pod Med Surg 1986;3:671-8.","journal-title":"Clin Pod Med Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.23.1.30","article-title":"Anthropometric comparison of cyclists from different events","volume":"23","author":"Foley, J.P.; Bird, SR, White; J.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Foley JP, Bird SR, White JA. Anthropometric comparison of cyclists from different events. BrJ Sports Med 1989;23:30-3.","journal-title":"BrJ Sports Med"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T06:51:39Z","timestamp":1715669499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}}}