{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T03:41:19Z","timestamp":1768534879488,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of ski injuries in Norway and to describe the changes between 1990 and 1996. METHODS: All ski injuries (7966) treated at four hospitals providing health care to a defined population of about 11% of the Norwegian population were registered prospectively from 1990 to 1996. For this study, 6462 injuries sustained in cross country skiing, downhill skiing, telemark skiing, and snowboarding were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: The relative distribution of ski injuries by type of skiing changed significantly from 1990 to 1996 (p&lt;0.001). Injuries from snowboarding showed the highest relative increase, and those sustained during downhill skiing showed a decline. The proportion of fractures in all types of skiing increased during the study period (p=0.001). The proportion of injuries to knee\/lower leg decreased and the proportion to the forearm\/wrist\/hand increased during the study period (p=0.03). The mean age of the injured skiers differed significantly among the different types of skiing activity (p&lt;0.001): cross country skiers were the oldest followed by telemark skiers, downhill skiers, and snowboarders. CONCLUSIONS: Ski injury surveillance results in early detection of changes in temporal injury trends, allowing timely adjustment of injury prevention strategies. Injuries from snowboarding are on the increase in Norway, warranting more effective injury prevention measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.4.299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T23:10:53Z","timestamp":1230765053000},"page":"299-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Occurrence and trends in ski injuries in Norway."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Ueland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Kopjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","series-title":"Applied Social Sciences","article-title":"Sports, recreation and organisation","author":"D\u00f8lvik, J.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"D\u00f8lvik JE. Sports, recreation and organisation. FAFO report no. 99. Oslo: Institute for Applied Social Sciences, 1990. (In Norwegian.)"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Accidents, violence and self-inflicted injury. Injury report. SAFH report 1\/92","author":"Guldvog, B.; Thorgersen, A.; Ueland, \u00d8.","unstructured":"Guldvog B, Thorgersen A, Ueland \u00d8. Accidents, violence and self-inflicted injury. Injury report. SAFH report 1\/92. Oslo: National Institute of Public Health, 1992. (In Norwegian.)"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.1.64","article-title":"The Harstad injury prevention study: the epidemiology of sports injuries. An 8 year study","volume":"30","author":"Ytterstad, B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ytterstad B. The Harstad injury prevention study: the epidemiology of sports injuries. An 8 year study. 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Sports Med 1996;21:239\u201350.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Performance of outdoor recreation in the adult population - trends and status in 1996. \u00d8F Report 1997\/7","author":"Vorkinn, M.; Aas, O.; Kleiven, J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vorkinn M, Aas O, Kleiven J. Performance of outdoor recreation in the adult population - trends and status in 1996. \u00d8F Report 1997\/7. Lillehammer: \u00d8stlandsforskning, 1997. (In Norwegian.)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417050-00002","article-title":"Equipment related injuries in skiing","volume":"17","author":"Ekeland, A.; Nordsletten, L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ekeland A, Nordsletten L. Equipment related injuries in skiing. Recommendations. Sports Med 1994;17:283\u20136.","journal-title":"Recommendations. Sports Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1520\/STP17638S","article-title":"A relative analysis of downhill and cross-country ski injuries","volume-title":"trauma and safety: eighth international symposium","author":"Shealy, J.E.; Miller, D.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shealy JE, Miller DA. A relative analysis of downhill and cross-country ski injuries. In: Mote Jr CD, Johnson RJ, eds. Skiing trauma and safety: eighth international symposium. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991;133\u201343."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(96)00026-5","article-title":"DiVering injury patterns in snowboarding and alpine skiing","volume":"27","author":"Sutherland, A.G.; Holmes, J.D.; Myers, S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sutherland AG, Holmes JD, Myers S. DiVering injury patterns in snowboarding and alpine skiing. 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(In Swedish.)","journal-title":"Nord Med"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1589","article-title":"The development of downhill skiing: snowboarding and telemark skiing give new injury patterns","volume":"88","author":"J\u00f8rgsholm, P.; Bauer, M.; Ljung, B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgsholm P, Bauer M, Ljung B, et al. The development of downhill skiing: snowboarding and telemark skiing give new injury patterns. L\u00e4kartidningen 1991;88:1589\u201392. (In Swedish.)","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidningen"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"29","article-title":"Alpine and cross-country skiing","volume-title":"Epidemiology of sports injuries","volume":"3","author":"Soma, C.A.; Mandelbaum, B.R.; Watanabe, D.S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Soma CA, Mandelbaum BR, Watanabe DS, et al. Alpine and cross-country skiing. In: Caine DJ, Caine CG, Lindner KJ, eds. Epidemiology of sports injuries. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1996;3:29\u201340."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1520\/STP25555S","article-title":"Skier injury trends: 1972\u20131990","volume-title":"trauma and safety: ninth international symposium","author":"Johnson, R.J.; Ettinger, C.F.; Shealy, J.E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Ettinger CF, Shealy JE. Skier injury trends: 1972\u20131990. In: Johnson RJ, Mote Jr CD, Zelcer J, eds. Skiing trauma and safety: ninth international symposium. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993:11\u201322."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"81","article-title":"Causes and prevention of injury in downhill skiing","volume":"17","author":"Bouter, L.M.; Knipschild, P.G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bouter LM, Knipschild PG. Causes and prevention of injury in downhill skiing. Physician and Sportsmedicine 1989;17:81\u201394.","journal-title":"Physician and Sportsmedicine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1520\/STP25556S","article-title":"Comparison of downhill ski injury patterns: 1978\u201381 vs. 1988\u201390","volume-title":"trauma and safety: ninth international symposium","author":"Shealy, J.E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shealy JE. Comparison of downhill ski injury patterns: 1978\u201381 vs. 1988\u201390. In: Johnson RJ, Mote Jr CD, Zelcer J, eds. Skiing trauma and safety: ninth international symposium. 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A five-year survey of skiing injuries in Hemsedal, Norway. In: Johnson RJ, Mote Jr CD, Binet M, eds. Skiing trauma and safety: seventh international symposium. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989:32\u201340."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1520\/STP25557S","article-title":"New Zealand ski injury statistics: 1989 and 1990 ski seasons","volume-title":"trauma and safety: ninth international symposium","author":"Lamont, M.K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lamont MK. New Zealand ski injury statistics: 1989 and 1990 ski seasons. In: Johnson RJ, Mote Jr CD, Zelcer J, eds. Skiing trauma and safety: ninth international symposium. 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