{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:29:39Z","timestamp":1793824179363,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, obesity is affecting an increasing proportion of children. Physical activity plays an important role in the prevention of becoming overweight and obese in childhood and adolescence, and reducing the risk of obesity in adulthood. Puberty and the following adolescent period are acknowledged as particularly vulnerable times for the development of obesity due to sexual maturation and, in many individuals, a concomitant reduction in physical activity. In many Western settings, a large proportion of children and adolescents do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines and, typically, those who are more physically active have lower levels of body fat than those who are less active. Active behaviours have been displaced by more sedentary pursuits which have contributed to reductions in physical activity energy expenditure. Without appropriate activity engagement there is an increased likelihood that children will live less healthy lives than their parents. Owing to the high risk of overweight adolescents becoming obese adults, the engagement of children and adolescents in physical activity and sport is a fundamental goal of obesity prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]],"date-time":"2011-08-11T23:07:08Z","timestamp":1313104028000},"page":"866-870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":487,"title":["Physical activity and obesity in children"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Andrew P","family":"Hills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Bo","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuala M","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160600586747"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm003"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01897.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00696.x","article-title":"Trends in overweight and obesity in Swedish schoolchildren 1999\u20132005: has the epidemic reached a plateau","volume":"11","author":"Lissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-389"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation, WHO Technical Report Series No. 894. Geneva: WHO, 2000."},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-1-14"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192216"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.220"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00997.x","article-title":"Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey","volume":"186","author":"Venn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072515"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737060-00006"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.133","article-title":"Addressing childhood obesity through increased physical activity","volume":"6","author":"Hills","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.01.055"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.52"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(04)00058-8","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in Canadian adolescents and their associations with dietary habits and physical activity patterns","volume":"35","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.003"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802802"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-60"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800852","article-title":"Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity","volume":"23","author":"Must","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr043743"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160801896366","article-title":"Fitness, fatness and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal: the European Youth Heart Study","volume":"3","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.61"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477160903497035"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00145-2"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146642400312400111"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2005.04.006"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1813"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.05.039"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.42"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160801897133"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28933"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803610"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00197.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00525.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20772"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1371"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00583.x","article-title":"Secular trends in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index in Danish children: The European Youth Heart Study","volume":"17","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00036.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.43","first-page":"40","article-title":"State of the science: a focus on physical activity","volume":"15","author":"Hills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.055277"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.5.533","article-title":"Why no support for an association between active commuting to school and weight status in the literature","volume":"6","author":"Bere","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen G Bugge A Hermansen B . School ground facilities as a determinant of children's daily activity \u2013 a cross-sectional study of Danish primary school children. J Phys Act Health 2011;(In Press).","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.9.1.104"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410410001712412"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00506.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144437"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15331-7"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.112136"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.3.295"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801621","article-title":"Physical activity and determinants of physical activity in obese and non-obese children","volume":"25","author":"Trost","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.54","first-page":"747","article-title":"Differences in physical activity between non-overweight, overweight and obese children","volume":"28","author":"Planinsec","year":"2004","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2004.10609157"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199901000-00018"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200104000-00013"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.015230"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802706"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.16.1.15","article-title":"Actual and perceived competence in overweight and non-overweight children","volume":"16","author":"Southall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-40"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.10.1232"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803472","article-title":"The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample: the AusDiab study","volume":"31","author":"Dwyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2000.00016.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00394.x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00007"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.056499"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.062679"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1491-x"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.5.548","article-title":"Temporal trends in physical activity: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Knuth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328331dd21"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040097"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.07.006"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69075-2"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3280a94e76","article-title":"Clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors and arterial stiffness in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project","volume":"25","author":"Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.386"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/H09-016"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802251"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966510999019X"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0220"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.83","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"22","author":"Colley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.06.002"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.171"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.3.289","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviors: longitudinal findings from the CLAN study","volume":"6","author":"Ball","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601780"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.524","article-title":"Total energy expenditure, body fatness, and physical activity in children aged 6\u20139 y","volume":"74","author":"Ball","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.89","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Recommendations for Physical Activity and Health. Geneva: WHO, 2010."},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.90","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing. Australia's Physical Activity Recommendations for 5\u201312 Year olds, Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/ (accessed 20 Jul 2011)."},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.91","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing. Australia's Physical Activity Recommendations for 12\u201318 year olds, Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/ (accessed 20 Jul 2011)."},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640411003671212"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.93","first-page":"S109","article-title":"Physical activity guidelines for children and youth","volume":"98","author":"Janssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.05.003"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.348"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-7-40"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.043836"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/115.1.12"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.06.001"},{"key":"2024051401425711000_45.11.866.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp348"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T06:46:27Z","timestamp":1715669187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090199","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,11]]}}}