{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:14:06Z","timestamp":1789996446850,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although recurrent hamstring injury is a frequent problem with a significant impact on athletes, data on factors determining the risk for a recurrent hamstring injury are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To systematically review the literature and provide an overview of risk factors for re-injury of acute hamstring muscle injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective studies on risk factors for re-injury following acute hamstring injuries were systematically reviewed. Medical databases and reference lists of the included articles were searched. Two reviewers independently selected potential studies and assessed methodological quality; one reviewer extracted the data. A best-evidence synthesis of all studied risk factors was performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 131 articles identified, five prospective follow-up studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. These studies reported a recurrence incidence of 13.9\u201363.3% in the same playing season up to 2 years after initial injury. Limited evidence for three risk factors and one protective factor for recurrent hamstring injury was found; patients with a recurrent hamstring injury had an initial injury with a larger volume size as measured on MRI (47.03 vs 12.42 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), more often had a Grade 1 initial trauma (Grade 0: 0\u201330.4%; Grade 1: 60.9\u2013100%; Grade 2: 8.7%) and more often had a previous ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (66.6% vs 17.1%) independent of graft selection. Athletes in a rehabilitation programme with agility\/stabilisation exercises rather than strength\/stretching exercises had a lower risk for re-injury (7.7% vs 70%). No significant relationship with re-injury was found for 11 related determinants. There was conflicting evidence that a larger cross-sectional area is a risk factor for recurrent hamstring injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is limited evidence that athletes with a larger volume size of initial trauma, a Grade 1 hamstring injury and a previous ipsilateral ACL reconstruction are at increased risk for recurrent hamstring injury. Athletes seem to be at lower risk for re-injury when following agility\/stabilisation exercises.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]],"date-time":"2011-10-19T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1319057032000},"page":"124-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Risk factors of recurrent hamstring injuries: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"HM","family":"de Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Reijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MP","family":"Heijboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PK","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.002352"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.1.39"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510366423"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.6.435"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3047"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason DL Dickens V Vail A . Rehabilitation for hamstring injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;24:CD004575.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004575.pub2"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2006.02.001"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-001-1164-6"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(04)80016-1"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510382857"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300051901","article-title":"Surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon rupture","volume":"30","author":"Klingele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253045711"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00097-A"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530220066035"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507301258"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.36.4.215"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.3.116"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018267"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gielen JL Robinson P van Dyck P . Muscle injuries. In: Vanhoenacker FM Maas M Gielen JL , ed. Imaging Of Orthopedic Sports Injuries. Berlin: Springer 2007:22\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68201-1_3"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509358381"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00441.x"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00995.x","article-title":"Acute hamstring injuries in Danish elite football: a 12-month prospective registration study among 374 players","volume":"20","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.048181"},{"key":"2025080113375344000_46.2.124.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1067935"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T20:37:58Z","timestamp":1754080678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,19]]}}}