{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:34:02Z","timestamp":1784064842583,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of taekwondo kicks and peak foot velocity (FVEL) on resultant head linear acceleration (RLA), head injury criterion (HIC15) and head velocity (HVEL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each subject (n=12) randomly performed five repetitions of the turning kick (TK), clench axe kick (CA), front leg axe kick, jump back kick (JB) and jump spinning hook kick (JH) at the average standing head height for competitors in their weight division. A Hybrid II Crash Test Dummy head was fitted with a protective taekwondo helmet and instrumented with a triaxial accelerometer and fixed to a height-adjustable frame. Resultant head linear acceleration, HVEL, FVEL data were captured and processed using Qualysis Track Manager.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TK (130.11\u00b151.67\u2005g) produced a higher RLA than the CA (54.95\u00b120.08\u2005g, p&lt;0.001, d=1.84) and a higher HIC15 than the JH (672.74\u00b1540.89 vs 300.19\u00b1144.35, p&lt;0.001, ES=0.97). There was no difference in HVEL of the TK (4.73\u00b11.67\u2005m\/s) and that of the JB (4.43\u00b10.78\u2005m\/s; p=0.977, ES&lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TK is of concern because it is the most common technique and cause of concussion in taekwondo. Future studies should aim to understand rotational accelerations of the head.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-090979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]],"date-time":"2012-08-29T00:46:49Z","timestamp":1346201209000},"page":"1161-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of Olympic-style taekwondo kicks on an instrumented head-form and resultant injury measures"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Gabriel P","family":"Fife","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Pieter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051402010802000_47.18.1161.1","unstructured":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 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