{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:50:19Z","timestamp":1790463019150,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological studies have shown a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among competitive alpine skiers. Little is known regarding modifiable risk factors in young skiers. There are still uncertainties in gender-related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between ACL injuries and internal risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective data analyses were performed based on a group of 175 female and 195 male alpine ski racers between the ages of 14 and 19\u2005years. The athletes underwent physical testing annually from 1996 to 2006. Z score transformations normalised the age groups. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were calculated for men and women separately to detect significant predictors of ACL ruptures. t Tests were computed to reveal the differences in test scores between injured and non-injured athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 57 (15%) ACL injuries occurred. The female\u2212male risk ratio (RR) was higher in females (2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.2). Z scores for relative leg force, ratio of absolute core flexion to extension force, relative core strength and reactive strength index were predictive variables for men. Z scores of all of these predictive variables except relative leg force were higher in the non-injured group. The ratios of absolute flexion to extension force and absolute core strength were predictive covariates for women. Z scores for absolute core strength were higher in the non-injured group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of ACL injury was greater in female athletes. The findings suggest that core strength is a predominant critical factor for ACL injuries in young ski racers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,12]],"date-time":"2012-09-12T01:16:22Z","timestamp":1347412582000},"page":"1065-1071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["The relationship between ACL injuries and physical fitness in young competitive ski racers: a 10-year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Raschner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Platzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051402022060000_46.15.1065.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-923380"},{"key":"2024051402022060000_46.15.1065.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2002.000270"},{"key":"2024051402022060000_46.15.1065.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.068759"},{"key":"2024051402022060000_46.15.1065.4","unstructured":"Tecklenburg K Smekal V Hoser C . 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