{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:43:06Z","timestamp":1792172586351,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankle injury is common in football, but the circumstances surrounding them are not well characterised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the rates, especially time-trends, and circumstances of ankle injuries in male professional football.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>27 European clubs with 1743 players were followed prospectively between 2001\/2002 and 2011\/2012. Time loss injuries and individual-player exposure during training sessions and matches were recorded. Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries\/1000\u2005h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1080 ankle injuries were recorded (13% of all injuries) with lateral ligament ankle sprain being the most common injury subtype (51% of all ankle injuries). The rates of ankle injury and ankle sprain were 1\/1000\u2005h and 0.7\/1000\u2005h, respectively. The ankle sprain rate declined slightly over time during the 11-year study period (on average 3.1%\/season) with a statistically significant seasonal trend (p=0.041). Foul play according to the referee was involved in 40% of the match-related ankle sprains. Syndesmotic sprains and ankle impingement were uncommon causes of time loss (3% each of all ankle injuries).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lateral ligament ankle sprain constituted half of all ankle injuries in male professional football, whereas ankle impingement syndromes were uncommon. The ankle sprain rate decreased slightly over time, but many ankle sprains were associated with foul play. Our data extend the body of literature that provides football policy makers with a foundation to review existing rules and their enforcement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,29]],"date-time":"2013-06-29T04:17:13Z","timestamp":1372479433000},"page":"748-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Time-trends and circumstances surrounding ankle injuries in men's professional football: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Wald\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"H\u00e4gglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ekstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.3.196"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.1.43"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290040701","article-title":"An examination of injuries in major league soccer. The inaugural season","volume":"29","author":"Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.3.233"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2004.00393.x"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.014571"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00861.x"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.060582"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310041201","article-title":"Mechanisms of foot and ankle injuries in soccer","volume":"31","author":"Giza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262023"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506294857"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079001100108"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00069.x","article-title":"Soccer injuries in Iceland","volume":"6","author":"\u00c1rnason","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258912"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.026609"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512449602"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekstrand J, H\u00e4gglund M, Kristenson K, et al. Less ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries\u2014an 11-year follow up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:738\u201342.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092215"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025270"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018267"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.20","first-page":"39","article-title":"Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS)","volume":"11","author":"Orchard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sport Health"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200312"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00006"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658501300408"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200506"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.25","first-page":"21","article-title":"Ankle braces effectively reduce recurrence of ankle sprains in female soccer players","volume":"32","author":"Sharpe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507299259"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509346390"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640011412944"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.32B1.68","article-title":"Footballer's ankle","volume":"32B","author":"McMurray","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2006.02.002"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.066936"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078901000308"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1170-9"},{"key":"2024051403403752000_47.12.748.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090155"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T12:22:22Z","timestamp":1715689342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092223","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]}}}