{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:26:48Z","timestamp":1793993208236,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inspiratory muscle training has been shown to improve performance in elite swimmers, when used as part of routine training, but its use as a respiratory warm-up has yet to be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the influence of inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) as a respiratory muscle warm-up in a randomised controlled cross-over trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 15 elite swimmers were assigned to four different warm-up protocols and the effects of IME on 100\u2005m freestyle swimming times were assessed.Each swimmer completed four different IME warm-up protocols across four separate study visits: swimming-only warm-up; swimming warm-up plus IME warm-up (2 sets of 30 breaths with a 40% maximum inspiratory mouth pressure load using the Powerbreathe inspiratory muscle trainer); swimming warm-up plus sham IME warm-up (2 sets of 30 breaths with a 15% maximum inspiratory mouth pressure load using the Powerbreathe inspiratory muscle trainer); and IME-only warm-up. Swimmers performed a series of physiological tests and scales of perception (rate of perceived exertion and dyspnoea) at three time points (pre warm-up, post warm-up and post time trial).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The combined standard swimming warm-up and IME warm-up were the fastest of the four protocols with a 100\u2005m time of 57.05\u2005s. This was significantly faster than the IME-only warm-up (mean difference=1.18\u2005s, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.92, p&lt;0.01) and the swim-only warm-up (mean difference=0.62\u2005s, 95% CI 0.001 to 1.23, p=0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using IME combined with a standard swimming warm-up significantly improves 100\u2005m freestyle swimming performance in elite swimmers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T23:49:41Z","timestamp":1383349781000},"page":"789-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Respiratory muscle specific warm-up and elite swimming performance"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Emma 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