{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1783233627298,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Foul play has been considered as one of the most important known extrinsic risk factors for injuries in football.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare the incidence and characteristics of foul play injuries and non-foul injuries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Team physicians\u2019 postmatch injury reports and official match statistics were obtained from all matches of the 2002, 2006 and 2010 F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association World Cups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of injuries was associated with the number of fouls in a match. The incidence of foul play injuries (20.6\/1000 match-hours, 95% CI 17.3 to 24.4) was significantly lower than that of non-foul injuries (42.6, 37.7 to 47.9), which also applied to all playing positions. The causation of injury (foul\/non-foul), match period and teams\u2019 drawing\/losing\/winning status were associated with the injury incidence. The interactions between the causation of injury (foul\/non-foul) and match time, as well as the teams\u2019 drawing\/losing\/winning status or playing position were not statistically significant. The median (IQR) days of absence resulting from foul play injuries were significantly shorter than that of non-foul injuries. The lower leg and ankle were more common locations for foul play injuries than for non-foul injuries, whereas the opposite was observed for thigh injuries. Contusions were a more common type of foul play injuries than non-foul injuries, while the opposite was found for muscle strains\/ruptures\/tears.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The numbers of injuries and fouls in a match were significantly associated. No significant differences in the variation of foul play and non-foul injury incidences regarding match period, teams\u2019 current winning\/drawing\/losing status and playing position were observed, suggesting that foul play injuries and non-foul injuries may share similar underlying risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T22:25:56Z","timestamp":1377728756000},"page":"986-991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Foul play is associated with injury incidence: an epidemiological study of three FIFA World Cups (2002\u20132010)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Ryyn\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg 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