{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1790041194174,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies evaluating the relationship of physical activity and stomach cancer risk have yielded inconsistent and largely inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that assessed the relationship between physical activity and risk of gastric cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following a standard protocol, we searched medical literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar) from inception to July 2012, and conducted a random effects meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven prospective cohorts and four case\u2013control studies of physical activity and gastric cancer risk, with 1\u2005535\u2005006 people and 7944 cases of gastric cancer were included. We found a modest protective association between sufficient physical activity and gastric cancer risk (relative risk: 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.96); I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=68.5%) in the prospective studies and (relative risk: 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.91); I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0%) in case\u2013control studies. The association appeared weaker in smokers than in non-smokers (p heterogeneity=0.035). The association may also be weaker for gastric cardia cancer relative to the distal non-cardia subtypes. Physical activity type (recreational or occupational), intake of alcohol, total energy intake, consumption of fruits and vegetables and infection with<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>had no influence on the association. The effect measure from cohort studies (relative risk: 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.97); I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=61.7%) and case\u2013control studies (relative risk: 0.83 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.04); I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=49.8%) did not differ materially at higher physical activity levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that a regular physical activity may be protective against stomach cancer risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T03:21:31Z","timestamp":1389928891000},"page":"224-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Physical activity and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ajibola Ibraheem","family":"Abioye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majeed Olaniyi","family":"Odesanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asanat Iyabode","family":"Abioye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiru Akanmu","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i3.354","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Crew","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9707-2"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2005.00006.x"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-0110-z"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr135"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291491"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-5026-9"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs354"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-366"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.09.033"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.11.011"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9493-x"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21419"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn146"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0704"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.2096"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2010.09.004","article-title":"Occupational and recreational physical activity during adult life and the risk of","volume":"35","author":"Parent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.22","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Salt taste sensitivity, physical activity and gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Wen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010:26."},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930\/a000375"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115366","article-title":"A prospective analysis of physical activity and cancer","volume":"130","author":"Severson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.26","first-page":"443","article-title":"[Meta-analysis on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in China]","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.27","unstructured":"World Gastroenterology Organization. Helicobacter pylori in developing countries. In: Hunt RH . ed. WGO practice guideline. World Gastroenterology Organization, 2010:4\u20135."},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.28","unstructured":"Bull FC Armstrong T Dixon T . Physical inactivity. In: Ezzati M Lopez AD Rodgers A ., eds: Majid Ezzati, Alan D. Lopez, Anthony Rodgers and Christopher J.L. Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004:730."},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-012-0237-4"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.30","first-page":"721","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on fasting insulin, insulin resistance, insulin-like","volume":"12","author":"Fairey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200204000-00008"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tredaniel J Bofetta P Buiatti E . Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 1998:565\u201373.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<565::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511421200"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.01.003"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj301"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.001"},{"key":"2024051404395438000_49.4.224.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5301_1"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T12:36:29Z","timestamp":1715690189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092778","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,16]]}}}