{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:37:12Z","timestamp":1791272232370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altitude training is used by elite athletes to improve sports performance, but it may also disrupt sleep. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2\u2005weeks at high altitude on the sleep of young elite athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (n=10) were members of the Australian under-17 soccer team on an 18-day (19-night) training camp in Bolivia, with six nights at near sea level in Santa Cruz (430\u2005m) and 13 nights at high altitude in La Paz (3600\u2005m). Sleep was monitored using polysomnography during a baseline night at 430\u2005m and three nights at 3600\u2005m (immediately after ascent, 1\u2005week after ascent and 2\u2005weeks after ascent). Data were analysed using effect size statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All results are reported as comparisons with baseline. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was likely lower immediately upon ascent to altitude, possibly lower after 1\u2005week and similar after 2\u2005weeks. On all three nights at altitude, hypopneas and desaturations were almost certainly higher; oxygen saturation was almost certainly lower; and central apnoeas, respiratory arousals and periodic breathing were very likely higher. The effects on REM sleep were common to all but one participant, but the effects on breathing were specific to only half the participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immediate effects of terrestrial altitude of 3600\u2005m are to reduce the amount of REM sleep obtained by young elite athletes, and to cause 50% of them to have impaired breathing during sleep. REM sleep returns to normal after 2\u2005weeks at altitude, but impaired breathing does not improve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T14:18:27Z","timestamp":1385475507000},"page":"i86-i92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The impact of altitude on the sleep of young elite soccer players (ISA3600)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Charli","family":"Sargent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter F","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Aughey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pitre C","family":"Bourdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudy","family":"Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus C Jimenez","family":"Claros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A","family":"Garvican-Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Buchheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben M","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristal","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlen","family":"Kley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Wachsmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.102","article-title":"Living high-training low: effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance","volume":"83","author":"Levine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092770"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.4.1448","article-title":"Individual variation in response to altitude training","volume":"85","author":"Chapman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-8-199304150-00003"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000162688.54089.CE"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.2.117","article-title":"The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation","volume":"26","author":"Van Dongen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carskadon MA Dement WC . Monitoring and staging human sleep. In: Kryger MH Roth T Dement WC , eds. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 5th edn. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2011:16\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6645-3.00002-5"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8036518"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.2.187","article-title":"Sleep patterns after graded exercise","volume":"39","author":"Shapiro","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.165.3892.513"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1255","article-title":"Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan","volume":"27","author":"Ohayon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2010.1073"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1708","article-title":"Effect of short-term acclimatization to high altitude on sleep and nocturnal breathing","volume":"35","author":"Nussbaumer-Ochsner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2009.00745.x"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020408"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00576.x"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(05)80013-1"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00315.2007"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00737.2001"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.20","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Acute sleep responses in a normobaric hypoxic tent","volume":"37","author":"Pedlar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092749"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092776"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091471"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092843"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Simpson BM, Garvican-Lewis LA. Wellness, fatigue and physical performance acclimatisation to a 2-week soccer camp at 3600 m (ISA3600). Br J Sports Med 2013;47:i100\u2013i106.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092749"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.26","unstructured":"Iber C Ancoli-Israel S Chesson A . The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. 1st edn. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2007:24\u201347."},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.28","first-page":"229","article-title":"Periodic breathing and O2 saturation in relation to sleep stages at high altitude","volume":"61","author":"Normand","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0155-5"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1527029041352162"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.1.401","article-title":"Altitude acclimatization: influence on periodic breathing and chemoresponsiveness during sleep","volume":"63","author":"White","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90086-5"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00630.x"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/10.6.590","article-title":"Fragmenting sleep diminishes its recuperative value","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024051404410040000_47.Suppl_1.i86.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2009.02.006"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T12:39:01Z","timestamp":1715690341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092829","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]}}}