{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:52:52Z","timestamp":1770511972023,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injury incidence has been reported for international athletics championships from 2007 to 2012. However, it is unclear whether male or female athletes differ in risk and\/or characteristics of injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the incidences and characteristics of injuries that occurred during international athletics championships between female and male athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The national medical team and the local organising committee physicians reported all injuries daily on a standardised injury report form during 14 international championships from 2007 to 2014. Relative risks (RR) of injury, 95% CI and magnitude thresholds were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of injuries per 1000 registered athletes was significantly higher in male (110.3\u00b16.8) than in female (88.5\u00b16.7) athletes (RR=1.25; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.37, small effect size). Male athletes incurred significantly more injuries in the thigh (RR=1.64; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.05, small), lower leg (RR=1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.75, small) and hip\/groin injuries (RR=2.26; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.88, moderate), more muscle strains (RR=1.64; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.04, small), cramps (RR=1.81; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.43, small), and especially more thigh strains (RR=1.66; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.19, small), but fewer stress fractures (RR=0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.81, moderate) than female athletes. A higher injury risk of male than of female athletes was observed in sprints (RR=1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.66, small), middle distance runs (RR=1.48; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.06, small), race walks (RR=2.55; 95% CI 1.27 to 5.10, moderate) and jumps (RR=2.13; 95% CI 1.53 to 2.97, moderate). No sex difference was found for cause and severity of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injury risk during international athletics championships differed between female and male athletes for location, type and event groups. Injury prevention strategies should be sex-specific, regarding the differences in injury location and type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,25]],"date-time":"2015-01-25T02:14:00Z","timestamp":1422152040000},"page":"472-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Sex differences in injury during top-level international athletics championships: surveillance data from 14 championships between 2007 and 2014"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Edouard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Feddermann-Demont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093087"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018341"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093992"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.078030"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091008"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000052"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318191c8e7"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12027"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046631"},{"key":"2024051410195892000_49.7.472.11","unstructured":"Edouard P , Jacobsson J , Timpka T , et al . 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