{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:53:44Z","timestamp":1790693624716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes\u2019 psychological characteristics are important for understanding sports injury mechanisms. We examined the relevance of psychological factors in an integrated model of overuse injury risk in athletics\/track and field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swedish track and field athletes (n=278) entering a 12-month injury surveillance in March 2009 were also invited to complete a psychological survey. Simple Cox proportional hazards models were compiled for single explanatory variables. We also tested multiple models for 3 explanatory variable groupings: an epidemiological model without psychological variables, a psychological model excluding epidemiological variables and an integrated (combined) model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The integrated multiple model included the maladaptive coping behaviour\n                      <jats:italic>self-blame<\/jats:italic>\n                      (p=0.007; HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61), and an interaction between athlete category and injury history (p&lt;0.001). Youth female (p=0.034; HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.95) and youth male (p=0.047; HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.99) athletes with no severe injury the previous year were at half the risk of sustaining a new injury compared with the reference group. A training load index entered the epidemiological multiple model, but not the integrated model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The coping behaviour\n                      <jats:italic>self-blame<\/jats:italic>\n                      replaced training load in an integrated explanatory model of overuse injury risk in athletes. What seemed to be more strongly related to the likelihood of overuse injury was not the athletics load per se, but, rather, the load applied in situations when the athlete's body was in need of rest.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T21:49:23Z","timestamp":1442353763000},"page":"1472-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The psychological factor \u2018self-blame\u2019 predicts overuse injury among top-level Swedish track and field athletes: a 12-month cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6049-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toomas","family":"Timpka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6rjan","family":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Pediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Bargoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Ekberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, County Council of \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverker","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Renstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athletics Research Center, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Sports Trauma Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093087"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injuries in track and field: incidence, distribution and risk factors","volume":"28","author":"Bennell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091651"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434140-00003"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093299"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10413209808406375"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10413209808406377"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01195.x","article-title":"Psychology and socioculture affect injury risk, response, and recovery in high-intensity athletes: a consensus statement","volume":"20","author":"Wiese-Bjornstal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00797.x"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.10","first-page":"347","article-title":"Psychological factors as predictors of injuries among senior soccer players. A prospective study","volume":"9","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2014.881818"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091203"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.11.253"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.14","first-page":"155","article-title":"Psychological antecedents of overuse injuries in Swedish elite floorball players","volume":"6","author":"Tranaeus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Athletic Insight"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00085.x"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-006-9085-0"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.21.6.573"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.005"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.014"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.06.006"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000161"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.067678"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093241"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.41.2.397"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2007.00646.x","article-title":"Achievement involvement and stress coping in elite wrestling","volume":"18","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.14.4.375","article-title":"The relationship of perceived motivational climate and beliefs about success in basketball","volume":"14","author":"Seifriz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Sports Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844722"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.28","unstructured":"Funder DC . Personality judgment: a realistic approach to person perception. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1999."},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802484456"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1993.10607599"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232030-00003"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.32","unstructured":"Layard R , Clark DM . Thrive. The power of evidence-based psychological therapies. London: The Penguin Group, 2014."},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-104"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.64.3.317"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.04.037"},{"key":"2025080112482093000_49.22.1472.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10582450903088351"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T19:48:28Z","timestamp":1754077708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}}}