{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:37:33Z","timestamp":1792521453646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFI\/12\/RC\/2289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletic groin pain (AGP) is prevalent in sports involving repeated accelerations, decelerations, kicking and change-of-direction movements. Clinical and radiological examinations lack the ability to assess pathomechanics of AGP, but three-dimensional biomechanical movement analysis may be an important innovation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim was to describe and analyse movements used by patients with AGP during a maximum effort change-of-direction task. The secondary aim was to determine if specific anatomical diagnoses were related to a distinct movement strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>322 athletes with a current symptom of chronic AGP participated. Structured and standardised clinical assessments and radiological examinations were performed on all participants. Additionally, each participant performed multiple repetitions of a planned maximum effort change-of-direction task during which whole body kinematics were recorded. Kinematic and kinetic data were examined using continuous waveform analysis techniques in combination with a subgroup design that used gap statistic and hierarchical clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three subgroups (clusters) were identified. Kinematic and kinetic measures of the clusters differed strongly in patterns observed in thorax, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle. Cluster 1 (40%) was characterised by increased ankle eversion, external rotation and knee internal rotation and greater knee work. Cluster 2 (15%) was characterised by increased hip flexion, pelvis contralateral drop, thorax tilt and increased hip work. Cluster 3 (45%) was characterised by high ankle dorsiflexion, thorax contralateral drop, ankle work and prolonged ground contact time. No correlation was observed between movement clusters and clinically palpated location of the participant's pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified three distinct movement strategies among athletes with long-standing groin pain during a maximum effort change-of-direction task These movement strategies were not related to clinical assessment findings but highlighted targets for rehabilitation in response to possible propagative mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02437942, pre results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T22:39:39Z","timestamp":1475793579000},"page":"460-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Athletic groin pain (part 2): a prospective cohort study on the biomechanical evaluation of change of direction identifies three clusters of movement patterns"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02437942","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"preResults"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02437942","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"A","family":"Franklyn-Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Strike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E C","family":"Falvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.066944"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094705"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018408"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018135"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.062554"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033167"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512455315"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.039685"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.9","unstructured":"Brukner P , Khan KM . Clinical sports medicine. McGraw Hill, 2012:545."},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.10","unstructured":"SSC. Examination of the painful athletic groin. Secondary Examination of the painful athletic groin. 2013. http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SudZH3FcwMo&feature=em-share_video_user"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2473070049"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.07.009"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093710"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B8.26065"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094869"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.16","first-page":"12","article-title":"Gilmores groin: ten years experience of groin disruption\u2014a previously unsolved problem in sportsmen","volume":"3","author":"Gilmore","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sports Med Soft Tissue Trauma"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318172831a"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.18","first-page":"111","article-title":"Sportsman's hernia","volume":"6","author":"Moeller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.042259"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033373"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.004754"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2115-2"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01186.x"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.07.022"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.08.005"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3180592a48"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.080937"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094912"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2014-0274","article-title":"Can a single-legged squat provide insight into movement control and loading during dynamic sporting actions in athletic groin pain patients?","volume":"25","author":"Marshall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000463"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.12.011"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winter DA . Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human movement. John Wiley and Sons, 2009.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.35","unstructured":"Ramsey JO . Functional data analysis. John Wiley and Sons, 2006."},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2012-0218"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.032"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00293"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v071.i07","article-title":"RFT1D: Smooth one-dimensional random field upcrossing probabilities in Python","volume":"71","author":"Pataky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.051"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.41","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge, 1988."},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00020"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.3.351","article-title":"Actions of hip muscles","volume":"66","author":"Dostal","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physical therapy"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-003-0434-y"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.001"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.01.027"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0455"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939030-00004"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-6-13"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.21.3.273"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2014.05.002"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.10.005"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.53","first-page":"187","article-title":"Determining muscle's force and action in multi-articular movement","volume":"17","author":"Zajac","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00046-5"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.10.003"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513496625"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.04.044"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2015-0008","article-title":"The relationships between the center of mass position and the trunk, hip, and knee kinematics in the sagittal plane: a pilot study on field-based video analysis for female soccer players","volume":"45","author":"Sasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2005.01.001"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.35.1.28"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.61","first-page":"52","article-title":"Osteitis pubis: can early return to elite competition be contemplated?","volume":"10","author":"Jardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Med UniSa"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-36162010000600015"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12158"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091905"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092263"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332253"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.069112"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.07.011"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01255.x"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.061762"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.007"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.72","unstructured":"Stergiou N . Innovative analyses of human movement. 1st edn. Leeds, UK: Human KInetics, 2004."},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.07.001"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.02.004"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199910150-00005"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90300-3","article-title":"Does unequal leg length cause back pain? A case-control study","volume":"2","author":"Grundy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091573"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0254-1"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514531578"},{"key":"2024051411164915000_51.5.460.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815ef700"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000}}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T14:36:48Z","timestamp":1715697408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]]}}}