{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:05:55Z","timestamp":1793462755542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of shoe-worn insoles on biomechanical variables in people with medial knee osteoarthritis has been studied extensively. The majority of research has focused specifically on the effect of lateral wedge insoles at the knee. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise the known effects of different shoe-worn insoles on all biomechanical variables during level walking in this patient population to date.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four electronic databases were searched to identify studies containing biomechanical data using shoe-worn insole devices in the knee osteoarthritis population. Methodological quality was assessed and a random effects meta-analysis was performed on biomechanical variables reported in three or more studies for each insole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven studies of moderate-to-high methodological quality were included in this review. The primary findings were consistent reductions in the knee adduction moment with lateral wedge insoles, although increases in ankle eversion with these insoles were also found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lateral wedge insoles produce small reductions in knee adduction angles and external moments, and moderate increases in ankle eversion. The addition of an arch support to a lateral wedge minimises ankle eversion change, and also minimises adduction moment reductions. The paucity of available data on other insole types and other biomechanical outcomes presents an opportunity for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T20:50:26Z","timestamp":1499374226000},"page":"238-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The effects of shoe-worn insoles on gait biomechanics in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kathryn E","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse M","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina K L","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney M","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Redekopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan A","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.7.617"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.147082"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-10-146"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.243229"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.05.013"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22797","article-title":"Lateral wedge insoles for reducing biomechanical risk factors for medial knee osteoarthritis progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.07.010"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.02.164"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(02)00073-6"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7270","article-title":"Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies","volume":"7","author":"Deeks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3947-5","article-title":"Do laterally wedged insoles or valgus braces unload the medial compartment of the knee in patients with osteoarthritis?","volume":"473","author":"Duivenvoorden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0040-6","article-title":"Immediate and long-term efficacy of laterally-wedged insoles on persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis during walking","volume":"14","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23174","article-title":"Knee and ankle biomechanics with lateral wedges with and without a custom arch support in those with medial knee osteoarthritis and flat feet","volume":"34","author":"Hatfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.10.009"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.09.019"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458513512327"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n\/a","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22015","article-title":"Biomechanical deviations during level walking associated with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Mills","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062927"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(03)00063-2"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-3-29"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.24","unstructured":"Paterson KL , Kasza J , Hunter DJ , et al . The relationship between foot and ankle symptoms and risk of\u00a0developing knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthr Cartil 2016:30441\u20131."},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.016","article-title":"Lateral wedge insoles for people with medial knee osteoarthritis: one size fits all, some or none?","volume":"24","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22947","article-title":"The effect of different types of insoles or shoe modifications on medial loading of the knee in persons with medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial","volume":"33","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21563","article-title":"Effect of variable-stiffness walking shoes on knee adduction moment, pain, and function in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis after 1 year","volume":"30","author":"Erhart-Hledik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.06.017","article-title":"APOS therapy improves clinical measurements and gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Elbaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.08.014","article-title":"The knee adduction moment and knee osteoarthritis symptoms: relationships according to radiographic disease severity","volume":"25","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.03.013"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20423"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640802613237"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23249"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23326"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120589"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.09.033"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31805bfff5"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.33225"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.02.004"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.06.008","article-title":"In-shoe plantar pressure measurements for patients with knee osteoarthritis: reliability and effects of lateral heel wedges","volume":"34","author":"Leitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.09.004"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22032"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.08.018"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.005","article-title":"Ipsilateral and contralateral foot pronation affect lower limb and trunk biomechanics of individuals with knee osteoarthritis during gait","volume":"34","author":"Resende","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2024051411465907000_52.4.238.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.06.014"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T15:11:04Z","timestamp":1715699464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]}}}