{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:43:59Z","timestamp":1781009039845,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 9+ screening battery test consists of 11 tests to assess limitations in functional movement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association of the 9+ with lower extremity injuries and to identify a cut-off point to predict injury risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional male football players in Qatar from 14 teams completed the 9+ at the beginning of the 2013\/2014 and 2014\/2015 seasons. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were registered prospectively by club medical staff during these seasons. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate HR and 95% CI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity and identify the optimal cut-off point for risk assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>362 players completed the 9+ and had injury and exposure registration. There were 526 injuries among 203 players (56.1%) during the two seasons; injuries to the thigh were the most frequent. There was no association between 9+ total score and the risk of lower extremity injuries (HR 1.02, 95%\u2009CI 0.99 to 1.05, p=0.13), even after adjusting for other risk factors in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.01, 95%\u2009CI 0.98 to 1.04, p=0.37). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.48, and there was no cut-off point that distinguished injured from non-injured players.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 9+ was not associated with lower extremity injury, and it was no better than chance for distinguishing between injured and uninjured players. Therefore, the 9+ test cannot be recommended as an injury prediction tool in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:30:38Z","timestamp":1494981038000},"page":"1047-1053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The functional movement test 9+ is a poor screening test for lower extremity injuries in professional male football players: a 2-year prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Arnhild","family":"Bakken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Targett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone","family":"Bere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Eirale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes L","family":"Tol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod","family":"Whiteley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim M","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roald","family":"Bahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.060582"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094469"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.079905"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.07.001"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092215"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091040"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092771"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093439"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.02.008"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b7332c"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095796"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182a1ff1d","article-title":"The inter-rater reliability of the functional movement screen within an athletic population using untrained raters","volume":"30","author":"Leeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094796"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0453-1"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonazza NA , Smuin D , Onks CA , et al . Reliability, validity, and injury predictive value of the functional movement screen: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2016.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516641937"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01267.x"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.17","first-page":"132","article-title":"Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function \u2013 part 2","volume":"1","author":"Cook","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.18","first-page":"62","article-title":"Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function \u2013 part 1","volume":"1","author":"Cook","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.19","unstructured":"Frohm A , Flodstrom F , Kockum B . 9+ Screening Batteri - plusswebb. 2013; [cited 14 Aug 2016] https:\/\/utbildning.sisuidrottsbocker.se\/sisu\/generell\/idrottsskador\/9-screening-batteri\/tester\/."},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115607445"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakken A , Targett S , Bere T , et al . Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players. Br J Sports Med 2016.doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096570","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096570"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095829"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00003"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6948.188"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.25","unstructured":"Mehdi T , Bashardoost N , Ahmadi M . Kernel smoothing for ROC curve and estimation for thyroid stimulating hormone. Int J Public Health Res 2011:239\u201342."},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2002.10750.x"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096256"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Injury prediction in veteran football players using the Functional Movement Screen","volume":"3","author":"Hammes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.101.2014.010","article-title":"Quality of functional movement patterns and injury examination in elite-level male professional football players","volume":"102","author":"Zalai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5455\/pos.20150803113054","article-title":"The functional movement screening tool does not predict injury in football","volume":"43","author":"Rusling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5960\/dzsm.2015.200","article-title":"The functional movement screen for injury prediction in male amateur football","volume":"67","author":"Schroeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Sportmed"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newton F , McCall A , Ryan D , et al . Functional Movement Screen (FMS\u2122) score does not predict injury in English Premier League youth academy football players. Science and Medicine in Football 2017:1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2017.1283436"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moran RW , Schneiders AG , Mason J , et al . Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017:bjsports-2016-096938.doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096938","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096938"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261724"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506293899"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510373570"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krosshaug T , Steffen K , Kristianslund E , et al . The vertical drop jump is a poor screening test for ACL injuries in female elite soccer and handball players: a prospective cohort study of 710 athletes. Am J Sports Med 2016.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515625048"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094094"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128145.75199.C3"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000556","article-title":"Efficacy of the functional movement screen: a review","volume":"28","author":"Kraus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000962","article-title":"Functional Movement Screen for predicting running injuries in 18- to 24-year-old competitive male runners","volume":"29","author":"Hotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20140717-01","article-title":"Determination of the Functional Movement Screen to predict musculoskeletal injury in intercollegiate athletics","volume":"6","author":"Wiese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Athletic Training & Sports Health Care"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515614815"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00002"},{"key":"2024051412215503000_52.16.1047.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.5.384"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T19:44:40Z","timestamp":1715715880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097307","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]]}}}