{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:29:11Z","timestamp":1792906151860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"19","funder":[{"name":"Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are plausible mechanisms whereby leisure time physical activity may protect against low back pain (LBP) but there have been no quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the subject.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to assess the effect of leisure time physical activity on non-specific LBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from their inception through July 2016. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-six prospective cohort studies (n=158\u2009475 participants) qualified for meta-analyses. Participation in sport or other leisure physical activity reduced the risk of frequent or chronic LBP, but not LBP for\n                      <jats:underline>&gt;<\/jats:underline>\n                      1\u2009day in the past month or past 6\u201312 months. Risk of frequent\/chronic LBP was 11% lower (adjusted risk ratio (RR)=0.89, CI 0.82 to 0.97, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =31%, n=48\u2009520) in moderately\/highly active individuals, 14% lower (RR=0.86, CI 0.79 to 0.94, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0%, n=33\u2009032) in moderately active individuals and 16% lower (RR=0.84, CI 0.75 to 0.93, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0%, n=33\u2009032) in highly active individuals in comparison with individuals without regular physical activity. For LBP in the past 1\u201312 months, adjusted RR was 0.98 (CI 0.93 to 1.03, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =50%, n=32\u2009654) for moderate\/high level of activity, 0.94 (CI 0.84 to 1.05, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =3%, n=8549) for moderate level of activity and 1.06 (CI 0.89 to 1.25, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =53%, n=8554) for high level of activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leisure time physical activity may reduce the risk of chronic LBP by 11%\u201316%. The finding, however, should be interpreted cautiously due to limitations of the original studies. If this effect size is proven in future research, the public health implications would be substantial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T21:00:21Z","timestamp":1497474021000},"page":"1410-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":201,"title":["Does leisure time physical activity protect against low back pain? 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