{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:15:43Z","timestamp":1793214943713,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"International Olympic Committee Research Centre (South Africa) Grant."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the epidemiology of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3657 athletes from 78 countries, representing 83.5% of all athletes at the Games, were monitored on the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) over 51 198 athlete days during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Illness data were obtained daily from teams with their own medical support through the WEB-IISS electronic data capturing systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total number of illnesses was 511, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 10.0 per 1000 athlete days (12.4%). The highest IRs were reported for wheelchair fencing (14.9), para swimming (12.6) and wheelchair basketball (12.5) (p&lt;0.05). Female athletes and older athletes (35\u201375 years) were also at higher risk of illness (both p&lt;0.01). Illnesses in the respiratory, skin and subcutaneous and digestive systems were the most common (IRs of 3.3, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) The rate of illness was lower than that reported for the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games; (2) the sports with the highest risk were wheelchair fencing, para swimming and wheelchair basketball; (3) female and older athletes (35\u201375 years) were at increased risk of illness; and (4) the respiratory system, skin and subcutaneous system and digestive system were most affected by illness. These results allow for comparison at future Games.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]],"date-time":"2017-10-26T12:23:16Z","timestamp":1509020596000},"page":"17-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Sport, sex and age increase risk of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Wayne","family":"Derman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin P","family":"Schwellnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esme","family":"Jordaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Runciman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Blauwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Webborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lexell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Van de Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yetsa","family":"Tuakli-Wosornu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kissick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Stomphorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092375"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.05.016","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 385 illnesses of athletes with impairment reported on the WEB-IISS system during the London 2012 Paralympic Games","volume":"6","author":"Derman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pm R"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096215"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092371"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.02.001"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31048-0","article-title":"Dengue vaccine and the 2016 Olympics","volume":"388","author":"Halstead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092325"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2014-0008"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12413"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094206"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.100"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094538"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092380"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1040","article-title":"Skin problems of the stump in lower limb amputees: 1. A clinical study","volume":"91","author":"Meulenbelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.07.006"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2015.05.006"},{"key":"2024051413000292000_52.1.17.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv375"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T16:15:30Z","timestamp":1715703330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]}}}