{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:39:36Z","timestamp":1790818776687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003965","name":"the International Olympic Committee","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the incidence and characteristics of injuries in female and male gymnastics disciplines (artistic, rhythmic and trampoline) during three Olympic Games with a view to ultimately improving injury prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The National Olympic Committee\u2019s head physicians and the medical teams of the Local Organising Committee of the Olympic Games reported daily the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of newly sustained injuries in artistic, rhythmic and trampoline gymnastics on a standardised report form during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympic Games.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the three Olympic Games, 81 injuries were reported in a total of 963 registered gymnasts, corresponding to an incidence of 84 injuries (95%\u2009CI 67 to 102) per 1000 registered gymnasts, with no difference in injury incidence between female and male gymnasts. Thirty-eight per cent of injuries led to time-loss from sport. The most frequent injury location and injury type were the ankle (22%) and sprain (35%), respectively. The most common diagnosis was ankle sprain (14% of all injuries and 23% of time-loss injuries). The injury incidence was highest in female (107\u00b135) and male artistic gymnastics (83\u00b132), followed by female rhythmic gymnastics (73\u00b130), and lower in male (63\u00b169) and female (43\u00b143) trampoline gymnastics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research should focus on preventing injuries in artistic gymnastics and of the condition of ankle sprain. Injury surveillance studies should be continued during major championships and throughout the entire competitive season as the Olympic Games provides only a snapshot (although an important one).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1508011816000},"page":"475-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Gymnastics injury incidence during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games: analysis of prospectively collected surveillance data from 963 registered gymnasts during Olympic Games"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Edouard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter\u2010university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitalof Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Swiss Concussion Centre, Schulthess clinik, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Leglise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"Soligard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080114574599000_52.7.475.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolt GS , Gymnastics CDJ . 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