{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:10:26Z","timestamp":1785384626376,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"South African Rugby Football Union Medical Committee"},{"name":"IOC Research Center South Africa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the incidence and nature of injuries in the Super Rugby tournament over a 5-year period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>482 male professional rugby union players from six South African teams participating in the Super Rugby tournament were studied (1020 player-seasons). Medical staff of participating teams (2012\u20132016 tournaments) recorded all time loss injuries (total injuries and match injuries) and exposure hours (93\u2009641 total playing hours; 8032 match hours). Injury incidence, injured player proportion, severity (time lost), anatomical location, tissue type and activity\/phase during which injury occurred are reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall incidence of match injuries (per 1000 player-hours; 95%\u2009CI) for each year was as follows: 2012 (83.3; 69.4\u201399.2); 2013 (115.1; 98.7\u2013133.5); 2014 (95.9; 80.8\u2013113.1), 2015 (112.3; 96.6\u2013129.9) and 2016 (93.2; 79.9\u2013107.9). The injured player proportion for each year was as follows: 2012 (54.6%); 2013 (49.4%); 2014 (52.0%); 2015 (50.0%); and 2016 (39.8%). The thigh, knee, head\/face and shoulder\/clavicle are the most frequently injured locations, and muscle\/tendon and joint\/ligament injuries account for the majority of injuries. Most injuries (79%) occur in contact situations, in particular during a tackle (54%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of match injuries and the injured player proportion in South African teams competing in the Super Rugby tournament is high. Match injury incidence is consistently higher than previously reported for senior male rugby players at elite\/professional level. Targeted risk management strategies are therefore needed in the Super Rugby tournament to manage risk of injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T12:18:06Z","timestamp":1530274686000},"page":"620-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Match injury incidence during the Super Rugby tournament is high: a prospective cohort study over five seasons involving 93 641 player-hours"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Martin P","family":"Schwellnus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI) and Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esme","family":"Jordaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa"},{"name":"Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charl","family":"Janse van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2520-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Bayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI) and Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Readhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golden Lions Rugby Union, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Kourie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Medicine, Sharks Rugby Union, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Suter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stormers Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Org","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Bulls Rugby Union, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0078-1"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094798"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","article-title":"A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.4","unstructured":"Kemp S , Brooks J , Fuller C . England Rugby premiership injury and training audit. England, 2011."},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093745"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.6","first-page":"23","article-title":"The Epidemiology of injuries in Australian professional rugby union 2014 super rugby competition","volume":"4","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.7","first-page":"232","article-title":"Impact of the International Rugby Board\u2019s experimental law variations on the incidence and nature of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union","volume":"99","author":"Fuller","year":"2009","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.8","unstructured":"Kemp S , Brooks J , West S , et al . England Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project: 2015-16 Season Report. England. 2017. (http:\/\/www.englandrugby.com\/mm\/Document\/General\/General\/01\/32\/25\/17\/1516_PRISP_Annual_Report_FINAL(withcontentspage)_English.pdf)"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025270"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.10","unstructured":"Raftery M , Tucker R . Implementing a worldwide concussion programme: the world rugby strategy to secure player welfare: Aspetar Sports Medicine Journal: Aspetar \u2013 Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, 2016."},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508316768"},{"key":"2025080112341543000_53.10.620.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516677548","article-title":"Mechanisms and factors associated with tackle-related injuries in South African Youth Rugby Union Players","volume":"45","author":"Burger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597795200000}}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T19:34:23Z","timestamp":1754076863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]}}}