{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:59:21Z","timestamp":1790895561193,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship between prenatal exercise, and low back (LBP), pelvic girdle (PGP) and lumbopelvic (LBPP) pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they were published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [\u201cexercise-only\u201d] or in combination with other intervention components [eg, dietary; \u201cexercise + co-intervention\u201d]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and outcome (prevalence and symptom severity of LBP, PGP and LBPP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analyses included data from 32 studies (n=52\u2009297\u2009pregnant women). \u2018Very low\u2019 to \u2018moderate\u2019 quality evidence from 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed prenatal exercise did not reduce the odds of suffering from LBP, PGP and LBPP either in pregnancy or the postpartum period. However, \u2018very low\u2019 to \u2018moderate\u2019 quality evidence from 15 RCTs identified lower pain severity during pregnancy and the early postpartum period in women who exercised during pregnancy (standardised mean difference \u22121.03, 95%\u2009CI \u22121.58, \u20130.48) compared with those who did not exercise. These findings were supported by \u2018very low\u2019 quality evidence from other study designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with not exercising, prenatal exercise decreased the severity of LBP, PGP or LBPP during and following pregnancy but did not decrease the odds of any of these conditions at any time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T04:25:18Z","timestamp":1539836718000},"page":"90-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Exercise for the prevention and treatment of low back, pelvic girdle and lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Margie H","family":"Davenport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andree-Anne","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle F","family":"Mottola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica J","family":"Poitras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey E","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Jaramillo Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Barrowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Sobierajski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L","family":"Meah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J","family":"Skow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Riske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Nuspl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taniya S","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Courbalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda G","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi B","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie-May","family":"Ruchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0615-y"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-48","article-title":"Pregnancy-related low back pain and pelvic girdle pain approximately 14 months after pregnancy - pain status, self-rated health and family situation","volume":"14","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1154-0","article-title":"Predictors and consequences of long-term pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: a longitudinal follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Elden","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00327.x"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.12.008","article-title":"Back and pelvic pain in an underserved United States pregnant population: a preliminary descriptive survey","volume":"30","author":"Skaggs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0602-4"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201259.63363.e1"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2012.11.003"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-686"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2008.00840.x"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1676-3"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827613498204"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001214"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1139\/h03-024","article-title":"Joint SOGC\/CSEP clinical practice guideline: exercise in pregnancy and the postpartum period","volume":"28","author":"Davies","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.16","first-page":"CD001139","article-title":"Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Liddle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100056"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000223","article-title":"Exercise in pregnancy: guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Artal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.21","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.04.014"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.06.004"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.29","unstructured":"Higgins J , Green S . Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0. 2011: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carson V , Lee EY , Hewitt L , et al . Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4\u00a0years). BMC Public Health 2017;17:854.doi:10.1186\/s12889-017-4860-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4860-0"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S197","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth","volume":"41","author":"Poitras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i11"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0176-0","article-title":"Physical activity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"31","author":"Aune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.34"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr265"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.36","unstructured":"Core Team R . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. r foundation for statistical computing; Vienna, Austria. 2017 https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank E , Harrell J . Regression modeling strategies with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression and survival analysis. 2nd Edition: Springer-Verlag, Cham, 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110119"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2014.621335","article-title":"Pregnancy-related low back pain relief after maximum static flexibility program","volume":"06","author":"Figueira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-4","article-title":"Exercise in obese pregnant women: the role of social factors, lifestyle and pregnancy symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Foxcroft","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2006.00066.x","article-title":"Water aerobics reduces sick leave due to low back pain during pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Granath","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1906"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0715"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-154"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601089651"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000158870.68159.d9"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12659","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of an exercise program for pregnant women with low back and pelvic pain: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12525","article-title":"The efficacy of moderate-to-vigorous resistance exercise during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Petrov Fieril","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01382.x"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.50","first-page":"S170","article-title":"Effect of the \"sitting pelvic tilt exercise\" during the third trimester in primigravidas on back pain","volume":"85","author":"Suputtitada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2013.03.010"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2011.08.002"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.12.001"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5958\/j.0973-5674.8.2.097","article-title":"The efficacy of treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises in antenatal period for treatment of pregnancy related to low back and pelvic girdle pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.06.018"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780302.x"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.10.030"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-2012-00357","article-title":"Comparison between the effect of lumbopelvic belt and home based pelvic stabilizing exercise on pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain; a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Kordi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-709X-20-18"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.60","first-page":"209","article-title":"The effect of an ergometric training program on pregnants' weight gain and low back pain","volume":"166","author":"Sedaghati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gazz Med Ital - Arch Sci Med"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)92047-P"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016340903284901"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.63","first-page":"67","article-title":"The effectiveness of pregnancy rehabilitation: effects on low back pain and calf cramps during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome","volume":"7","author":"Beyaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nobel Medicus"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.016"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.65","first-page":"65","article-title":"Prevention and management of low backache inpregnant women through the use of exerciseprogram and education booklet","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.04.011","article-title":"Effects of a stability ball exercise programme on low back pain and daily life interference during pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00248"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1070-3","article-title":"Chapter 2. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004","volume":"15 Suppl 2","author":"Burton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3a10"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0170"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(03)00174-8"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12029"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12258","article-title":"Factors associated with low back pain changes during the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"70","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091344"},{"key":"2020050713135519000_53.2.90.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2015.04.004","article-title":"Physical exercise and pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy: A nested case-control study within the Danish National Birth Cohort","volume":"6","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Healthc"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T04:04:59Z","timestamp":1601093099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099400","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}}}