{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1787016989076,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether antioxidant supplements and antioxidant-enriched foods can prevent or reduce delayed-onset muscle soreness after exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, trial registers, reference lists of articles and conference proceedings up to February 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 50 studies were included in this review which included a total of 1089 participants (961 were male and 128 were female) with an age range of 16\u201355 years. All studies used an antioxidant dosage higher than the recommended daily amount. The majority of trials (47) had design features that carried a high risk of bias due to selective reporting and poorly described allocation concealment, potentially limiting the reliability of their findings. We rescaled to a 0\u201310\u2009cm scale in order to quantify the actual difference between groups and we found that the 95% CIs for all five follow-up times were all well below the minimal important difference of 1.4\u2009cm: up to 6\u2009hours (MD \u22120.52, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.95 to \u22120.08); at 24\u2009hours (MD \u22120.17, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.42 to 0.07); at 48\u2009hours (mean difference (MD) \u22120.41, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.69 to \u22120.12); at 72\u2009hours (MD \u22120.29, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.59 to 0.02); and at 96\u2009hours (MD \u22120.03, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.43 to 0.37). Thus, the effect sizes suggesting less muscle soreness with antioxidant supplementation were very unlikely to equate to meaningful or important differences in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is moderate to low-quality evidence that high-dose antioxidant supplementation does not result in a clinically relevant reduction of muscle soreness after exercise of up to 6\u2009hours or at 24, 48, 72 and 96\u2009hours after exercise. There is no evidence available on subjective recovery and only limited evidence on the adverse effects of taking antioxidant supplements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]],"date-time":"2018-07-27T12:15:22Z","timestamp":1532693722000},"page":"74-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise: a Cochrane systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Mayur K","family":"Ranchordas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hora","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph T","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333020-00005"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198412000-00002","article-title":"Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review","volume":"16","author":"Armstrong","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062356","article-title":"Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bieuzen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.4","first-page":"348","article-title":"Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise","volume":"130","author":"Bleakley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31113-3","article-title":"Delayed onset muscle soreness and training","volume":"5","author":"Byrnes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640419208729932"},{"key":"2024101110052025000_54.2.74.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costello JT , Baker PR , Minett GM , et al . 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