{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1787776711654,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to determine the risk of time-loss injuries in international fencing and to characterise their type, location, severity and mechanism. Variations in risk associated with sex and discipline categories are also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on participation and withdrawal due to injury from 809 competitions comprising the major events of the 2010\u20132014 seasons (inclusive) for the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale d\u2019Escrime were compiled from official results. Athletes who withdrew due to injury sustained in each competition were contacted individually to obtain follow-up information including time lost from fencing participation (practice\/competition) and sequelae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 176 injuries were recorded from 637\u2009776 athlete exposures (AEs) in 85\u2009686 participants (men=47\u2009869; women=37\u2009817) over the study period, for an overall incidence of 0.28\/1000 AEs (95%\u2009CI 0.24 to 0.32). Men had significantly greater risk than women (RR=1.42, 95%\u2009CI 1.05 to 1.94); \u00e9p\u00e9e had a significantly lower risk than foil or sabre (RR=0.52, 95%\u2009CI 0.35 to 0.76; RR=0.47, 95%\u2009CI 0.32 to 0.69, respectively). The majority of injuries were sprains (40.8%) and strains (20.1%), which occurred in the lower extremities (72.4%); ankle sprains were the most common specific injury (25.3%). Intrinsic effort of the fencer (non-contact injury) was the most common mechanism related to a time-loss injury (47.1% of cases). The overall median time loss was 4 weeks; 32.1% of the injuries involved 2 weeks or less away from fencing participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data indicate that the risk of time-loss injury in international fencing is very low and primarily involves sprains and strains in the lower extremity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T22:25:13Z","timestamp":1547936713000},"page":"442-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Epidemiology of time-loss injuries in international fencing: a prospective, 5-year analysis of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale d\u2019Escrime competitions"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Peter A","family":"Harmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.1","first-page":"26","article-title":"La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en question apr\u00e9s l\u2019accident de Vladmir Smirnov","volume":"42","author":"Safra","year":"1982","journal-title":"Escrime"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harmer P . Fencing. In: Caine D , Harmer P , Schiff M , eds. Epidemiology of injury in olympic sports. West Sussex, UK: IOC Medical Commission, 2009:124\u201332.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444316872.ch10"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318161548d"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096754"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31824a577e","article-title":"Musculoskeletal injuries in elite able-bodied and wheelchair foil fencers\u2013a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509339357"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092380"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097956"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.046631"},{"key":"2024051413530012000_53.7.442.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094823"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T21:08:42Z","timestamp":1715720922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]]}}}