{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:00:55Z","timestamp":1778623255399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"17","funder":[{"name":"IOC Research Centre (South Africa) grant"},{"name":"IPC research support"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the incidence rate (IR) and illness burden (IB) at the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 567 athletes from 49 countries were monitored for 12 days over the Pyeongchang 2018 Games (6804 athlete days). Illness data were obtained daily from teams with (41 teams, 557 athletes) and teams without (8 teams, 10 athletes) their own medical support, through electronic data capturing systems.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 87 illnesses reported, with an illness IR of 12.8 illnesses per 1000 athlete days (95%\u2009CI 10.2 to 16.0) and IB of 6.8 days lost per 1000 athlete days (95%\u2009CI 3.4 to 13.5). The highest IR was reported for Para snowboard (IR of 19.7 [95% CI 12.0 to 32.2]). Illnesses in the respiratory system (IR of 4.1 [95% CI 2.9 to 5.9]; IB of 1.4 [95% CI 0.6 to 3.0]), skin and subcutaneous system (IR of 2.5 [95% CI 1.5 to 4.1]; IB of 0.6 [95% CI 0.1 to 2.9]), and eye and ocular adnexa (IR of 1.6 [95% CI 0.9 to 3.1]; IB of 0.5 [95% CI 0.1 to 3.3]) were the most common.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first study to report both the IR and IB in this setting. There was a high IR of illness in the new sport of Para snowboard. The respiratory system had both the highest IR and IB.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]],"date-time":"2019-01-13T17:19:15Z","timestamp":1547399955000},"page":"1099-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Incidence rate and burden of illness at the Pyeongchang 2018 Paralympic Winter Games"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Derman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"IOC Research Centre South Africa, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Runciman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"IOC Research Centre South Africa, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esme","family":"Jordaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-0429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schwellnus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IOC Research Centre South Africa, South Africa"},{"name":"Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Blauwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Webborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lexell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van de Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Scientific Department, International Paralympic Committee, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kissick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carleton University Sport Medicine Clinic, Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Stomphorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keun-Suh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092375"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092371"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.07.004","article-title":"The road to rio: medical and scientific perspectives on the 2016 paralympic games","volume":"8","author":"Blauwet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pm R"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097962"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.05.016","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 385 illnesses of athletes with impairment reported on the WEB-IISS system during the London 2012 paralympic games","volume":"6","author":"Derman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pm R"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096215"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-016-0053-x","article-title":"The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS): a study protocol for a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"Fagher","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098160"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090693"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000149"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094538"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.076992"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayne H , Schwellnus M , van Rensburg DJ , et al . Incidence of injury and illness in South African professional male soccer players: a prospective cohort study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018;58.doi:10.23736\/S0022-4707.17.07452-7","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.17.07452-7"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093470"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3180547527"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018135"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094798"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508316768"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018408"},{"key":"2025080114364120000_53.17.1099.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.066985"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T21:36:47Z","timestamp":1754084207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100096","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,13]]}}}