{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:48:37Z","timestamp":1792669717086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOIPG\/2016\/87"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2016\/87"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether individuals who sustained a sports concussion would exhibit persistent impairments in gait and quiet standing compared to non-injured controls during a dual-task assessment .<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search strategy was applied across seven electronic bibliographic and grey literature databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Web of Science, from database inception until June 2017.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Eligibility criteria for study selection<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies were included if; individuals with a sports concussion and non-injured controls were included as participants; a steady-state walking or static postural balance task was used as the primary motor task; dual-task performance was assessed with the addition of a secondary cognitive task; spatiotemporal, kinematic or kinetic outcome variables were reported, and; included studies comprised an observational study design with case\u2013control matching.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our review is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses-IPD Statement. We implemented the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies to undertake an outcome-level risk of bias assessment using a domain-based tool. Study-level data were synthesised in one of three tiers depending on the availability and quality of data: (1) homogeneous IPD; (2) heterogeneous IPD and (3) aggregate data for inclusion in a descriptive synthesis. IPD were aggregated using a \u2018one-stage\u2019, random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>26 studies were included. IPD were available for 20 included studies. Consistently high and unclear risk of bias was identified for selection, detection, attrition, and reporting biases across studies. Individuals with a recent sports concussion walked with slower average walking speed (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=51.7; df=4; p&lt;0.001; mean difference=0.06 m\/s; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.11) and greater frontal plane centre of mass displacement (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=10.3; df=4; p=0.036; mean difference \u22120.0039 m; 95% CI: \u22120.0075 to \u22120.0004) than controls when evaluated using a dual-task assessment up to 2 months following concussion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary\/conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our IPD evidence synthesis identifies that, when evaluated using a dual-task assessment, individuals who had incurred a sports concussion exhibited impairments in gait that persisted beyond reported standard clinical recovery timelines of 7\u201310 days. Dual-task assessment (with motion capture) may be a useful clinical assessment to evaluate recovery after sports concussion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Protocol pre-registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO CRD42017064861.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T17:25:24Z","timestamp":1563816324000},"page":"94-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Concussed athletes walk slower than non-concussed athletes during cognitive-motor dual-task assessments but not during single-task assessments 2 months after sports concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis using individual participant 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