{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:47:48Z","timestamp":1790232468502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005636","name":"National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NOCSAE # 04-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOCSAE # 04-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There have been no large randomised controlled trials to determine whether soccer headgear reduces the incidence or severity of sport-related concussion (SRC) in US high school athletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to determine whether headgear reduces the incidence or severity (days out from soccer) of SRCs in soccer players.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>2766 participants (67% female, age 15.6\u00b11.2) (who undertook 3050 participant years) participated in this cluster randomised trial. Athletes in the headgear (HG) group wore headgear during the season, while those in the no headgear (NoHG) group did not. Staff recorded SRC and non-SRC injuries and soccer exposures. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine time-to-SRC between groups, while severity was compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>130 participants (5.3% female, 2.2% male) sustained an SRC. The incidence of SRC was not different between the HG and NoHG groups for males (HR: 2.00 (0.63\u20136.43) p=0.242) and females (HR: 0.86 (0.54\u20131.36) p=0.520). Days lost from SRC were not different (p=0.583) between the HG group (13.5 (11.0\u2013018.8) days) and the NoHG group (13.0 (9.0\u201318.8) days).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Soccer headgear did not reduce the incidence or severity of SRC in high school soccer players.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT02850926\">NCT02850926<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T17:15:59Z","timestamp":1557854159000},"page":"408-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Does soccer headgear reduce the incidence of sport-related concussion? A cluster, randomised controlled trial of adolescent athletes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02850926","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3699-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"McGuine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam Yakuro","family":"Pfaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Hetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Alison","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A","family":"Kliethermes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516686785","article-title":"Long-term effects of adolescent sport concussion across the age spectrum","volume":"45","author":"Martini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097791"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435626"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.1.15"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095946"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1062","article-title":"An evidence-based discussion of heading the ball and concussions in high school soccer","volume":"169","author":"Comstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095645"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.1.85"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.10","first-page":"220","article-title":"The efficacy of soccer headgear","volume":"38","author":"Broglio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i40","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.019174","article-title":"Effectiveness of headgear in football","volume":"39 Suppl 1","author":"Withnall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.019182"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058271"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.09.006"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e318205e072"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.17","unstructured":"R Core Team . R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2013."},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037689"},{"key":"2025080113442864000_54.7.408.19","unstructured":"Press JN , Farkas KC , McNally C , et al . Biomechanical performance of headgear used in soccer. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. In Press; 2018."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T20:44:36Z","timestamp":1754081076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]}}}