{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:25:25Z","timestamp":1790227525475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000145","name":"Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009003","name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000034","name":"Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["293332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["293332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare rates of injury and concussion among non-elite (lowest 60% by division of play) Bantam (ages 13\u201314 years) ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to non-elite Bantam leagues that allow body checking.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this 2-year cohort study, Bantam non-elite ice hockey players were recruited from leagues where policy allowed body checking in games (Calgary\/Edmonton 2014\u20132015, Edmonton 2015\u20132016) and where policy disallowed body checking (Kelowna\/Vancouver 2014\u20132015, Calgary 2015\u20132016). All ice hockey game-related injuries resulting in medical attention, inability to complete a session and\/or time loss from hockey were identified using valid injury surveillance methodology. Any player suspected of having concussion was referred to a study physician for diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>49 body checking (608 players) and 33 non-body checking teams (396 players) participated. There were 129 injuries (incidence rate (IR)=5.52\/1000\u2009hours) and 54 concussions (IR=2.31\/1000\u2009hours) in the body checking teams in games. After policy change, there were 31 injuries (IR=2.50\/1000\u2009hours) and 17 concussions (IR=1.37\/1000\u2009hours) in games. Policy disallowing body checking was associated with a lower rate of all injury (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.45; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.76). The point estimate showed a lower rate of concussion (adjusted IRR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.17), but this was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Policy change disallowing body checking in non-elite Bantam ice hockey resulted in a 55% lower rate of injury. There is growing evidence that disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey is associated with fewer injuries.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T21:25:14Z","timestamp":1567805114000},"page":"414-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Does disallowing body checking in non-elite 13- to 14-year-old ice hockey leagues reduce rates of injury and concussion? A cohort study in two Canadian provinces"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9499-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Emery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Galarneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Palacios-Derflingher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Marie","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Eliason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciek","family":"Krolikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelina","family":"Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mrazik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance M","family":"Lebrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Goulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent E","family":"Hagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.1","unstructured":"Annual Report 2015-2016 . Hockey Canada, 2016. Available: https:\/\/az184419.vo.msecnd.net\/hockey-canada\/Corporate\/About\/Downloads\/2015-16_annual_report_e.pdf [Accessed Nov 13 2017]."},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2008.00342.x"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2008.09.006"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2009.00454.x"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.08.006"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.6","unstructured":"Rajabali F , Ibrahimova A , Turcotte K , et al . Concussion among children and youth in British Columbia. British Columbia injury research and prevention unit and child health British Columbia, 2013. Available: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Carolyn%20Emery\/Desktop\/October%202018\/15%2006%2022%20Concussion%20-%20Children%20and%20Youth%20Supplement%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed 3 Nov 2018]."},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506290061"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000184638.72075.b7"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fridman L , Fraser-Thomas JL , McFaull SR , et al . Epidemiology of sports-related injuries in children and youth presenting to Canadian emergency departments from 2007-2010. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2013;5.doi:10.1186\/2052-1847-5-30","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-5-30"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2009.022764"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094978"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097452"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/cjph.105.4653"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.755"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093493"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095103"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097392"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101540"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516669701"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.20","unstructured":"Hockey Canada . Teaching checking: body checking. checking resource guide. Available: https:\/\/cdn.hockeycanada.ca\/hockey-canada\/Hockey-Programs\/Coaching\/Checking\/Downloads\/teaching_checking_progression_body_checking.pdf [Accessed 27 November 2018]."},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.092190"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.22","first-page":"255","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 4th International Conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2012","volume":"5","author":"McCrory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehab"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0925"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00003"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838010-00005"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3180305e4d","article-title":"Predicting slow recovery from sport-related concussion: the new simple-complex distinction","volume":"17","author":"Iverson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31819d6edb"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i23","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058206","article-title":"Is the simple versus complex classification of concussion a valid and useful differentiation?","volume":"43 Suppl 1","author":"Makdissi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.29","unstructured":"R Core Team . R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2013 URL. http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.30","unstructured":"Stata Statistical Software (computer software) [program] . Release 10.0 version. College Station, TX: Stata Corporation, 2005."},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040537"},{"key":"2024101110151263000_54.7.414.32","unstructured":"Hockey Canada Annual Report 2016-17 . Available: https:\/\/cdn.hockeycanada.ca\/hockey-canada\/Corporate\/About\/Downloads\/2016-17-annual-report-e.pdf [Accessed Oct 2018]."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092corr1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000}}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T17:01:06Z","timestamp":1728925266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101092corr1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]}}}