{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:12:38Z","timestamp":1792649558891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006425","name":"NFL Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006823","name":"Boston Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the relationships among self-reported sport-related concussion (SRC) history and current health-promoting behaviours (exercise frequency, diet quality and sleep duration) with self-reported measures of brain health (cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety and emotional\u2013behavioural dyscontrol) in former NFL players.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was sent to former NFL players. Respondents reported SRC history (categorical: 0; 1\u20132; 3\u20135; 6\u20139; 10+ concussions), number of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic and resistance exercise sessions per week, diet quality (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants\u2014Shortened) and average nightly sleep duration. Outcomes were Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function, Depression, and Anxiety, and Neuro-QoL Emotional-Behavioral Dyscontrol domain T-scores. Multivariable linear regression models were fit for each outcome with SRC history, exercise frequency, diet quality and sleep duration as explanatory variables alongside select covariates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multivariable regression models (n=1784) explained approximately 33%\u201338% of the variance in each outcome. For all outcomes, SRC history (0.144\u2264|\u03b2|\u22640.217) was associated with poorer functioning, while exercise frequency (0.064\u2264|\u03b2|\u22640.088) and diet quality (0.057\u2264|\u03b2|\u22640.086) were associated with better functioning. Sleeping under 6\u2009hours per night (0.061\u2264|\u03b2|\u22640.093) was associated with worse depressive symptoms, anxiety and emotional\u2013behavioural dyscontrol.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several variables appear to be associated with mood and perceived cognitive function in former NFL players. SRC history is non-modifiable in former athletes; however, the effects of increasing postplaying career exercise frequency, making dietary improvements, and obtaining adequate sleep represent important potential opportunities for preventative and therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T13:22:44Z","timestamp":1609766564000},"page":"683-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Health-promoting behaviours and concussion history are associated with cognitive function, mood-related symptoms and emotional\u2013behavioural dyscontrol in former NFL players: an NFL-LONG Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2647-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel 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