{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T06:07:49Z","timestamp":1793340469577,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/bmj.com\/coronavirus\/usage"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014109","name":"Baylor Scott and White Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Baylor Scott & White Health Foundation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Baylor Scott & White Health Foundation"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (1) determine if wearing a cloth face mask significantly affected exercise performance and associated physiological responses, and (2) describe perceptual measures of effort and participants\u2019 experiences while wearing a face mask during a maximal treadmill test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomised controlled trial of healthy adults aged 18\u201329 years. Participants completed two (with and without a cloth face mask) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) on a treadmill following the Bruce protocol. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, exertion and shortness of breath were measured. Descriptive data and physical activity history were collected pretrial; perceptions of wearing face masks and experiential data were gathered immediately following the masked trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final sample included 31 adults (age=23.2\u00b13.1 years; 14 women\/17 men). Data indicated that wearing a cloth face mask led to a significant reduction in exercise time (\u221201:39\u00b101:19 min\/sec, p&lt;0.001), maximal oxygen consumption (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max) (\u2212818\u00b1552 mL\/min, p&lt;0.001), minute ventilation (\u221245.2\u00b120.3 L\/min), maximal heart rate (\u22128.4\u00b117.0 beats per minute, p&lt;0.01) and increased dyspnoea (1.7\u00b12.9, p&lt;0.001). Our data also suggest that differences in SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and rating of perceived exertion existed between the different stages of the CPET as participant\u2019s exercise intensity increased. No significant differences were found between conditions after the 7-minute recovery period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cloth face masks led to a 14% reduction in exercise time and 29% decrease in VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max, attributed to perceived discomfort associated with mask-wearing. Compared with no mask, participants reported feeling increasingly short of breath and claustrophobic at higher exercise intensities while wearing a cloth face mask. Coaches, trainers and athletes should consider modifying the frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise when wearing a cloth face mask.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:01:25Z","timestamp":1618358485000},"page":"107-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Effects of wearing a cloth face mask on performance, physiological and perceptual responses during a graded treadmill running exercise test"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Driver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob L","family":"Vingren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"McShan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Librada","family":"Callender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nate","family":"Borunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mosolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Cates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051414493480000_56.2.107.1","unstructured":"Epstein D , Korytny A , Isenberg Y . 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