{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T04:55:05Z","timestamp":1768712105364,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 HL128795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 HL128795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>American-style football (ASF) athletes are at risk for the development of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (C-LVH), an established cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. We sought to address whether black race is associated with acquired C-LVH in collegiate ASF athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collegiate ASF athletes from two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I programmes were recruited as freshmen between 2014 and 2019 and analysed over 3 years. Demographics (neighbourhood family income) and repeated clinical characteristics and echocardiography were recorded longitudinally at multiple timepoints. A mixed-modelling approach was performed to evaluate acquired C-LVH in black versus white athletes controlling for playing position (linemen (LM) and non-linemen (NLM)), family income, body weight and blood pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, black athletes (N=124) were more often NLM (72% vs 54%, p=0.005) and had lower median neighbourhood family income ($54 119 vs $63 146, p=0.006) compared with white athletes (N=125). While both black and white LM demonstrated similar increases in C-LVH over time, among NLM acquired C-LVH was more common in black versus white athletes (postseason year-1: N=14\/89 (16%) vs N=2\/68 (3%); postseason year-2: N=9\/50 (18%) vs N=2\/32 (6%); postseason year-3: N=8\/33 (24%) vs N=1\/13 (8%), p=0.005 change over time). In stratified models, black race was associated with acquired C-LVH in NLM (OR: 3.70, 95% CI 1.12 to 12.21, p=0.03) and LM was associated with acquired C-LVH in white athletes (OR: 3.40, 95% CI 1.03 to 11.27, p=0.048).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Independent of family income and changes in weight and blood pressure, black race was associated with acquired C-LVH among collegiate ASF NLM and LM was associated with acquired C-LVH in white athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T17:21:35Z","timestamp":1628875295000},"page":"151-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association between race and maladaptive concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in American-style football athletes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jason V","family":"Tso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey G","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Galante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla R","family":"Gilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman A","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arshed A","family":"Quyyumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron L","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5885-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan H","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.014"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005313222203"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.4.470"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000169972.96201.8e"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.845792"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.10.011"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmms2004740"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2029562"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981571"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000237"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2007"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.065"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.3909","article-title":"Weight gain, hypertension, and the emergence of a maladaptive cardiovascular phenotype among US football players","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.07.013"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003522"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001631"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.015"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.18","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau . U.S. census bureau QuickFacts, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/US\/PST045219 [Accessed 26 Jun 2020]."},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.579342"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.10.033"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.11.025"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008620"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb025007"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0003"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00022","article-title":"Population genomics and the statistical values of race: an interdisciplinary perspective on the biological classification of human populations and implications for clinical genetic epidemiological research","volume":"7","author":"Maglo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.11.010"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029652"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0365-2"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.07.042"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000463"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.030"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.33","unstructured":"Baron S , Rinsky R . National football League players mortality study: report No. HETA 88-085. Atlanta, GA: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1994."},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.10.050"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001466","article-title":"Risk and causes of death among former national football League players (1986-2012)","volume":"50","author":"Lincoln","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.061"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.12.008"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riding NR , Sharma S , McClean G . Impact of geographical origin upon the electrical and structural manifestations of the black athlete\u2019s heart. Eur Heart J 2018.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy521"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049740"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.072"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4587"},{"key":"2024051414552996000_56.3.151.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910283411806"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T22:16:04Z","timestamp":1715724964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104333","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]}}}