{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:25:09Z","timestamp":1793496309209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Synthesise evidence for effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions following ACL and\/or meniscal tear on symptomatic, functional, clinical, psychosocial, quality of life and reinjury outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overview of systematic reviews with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials investigating rehabilitation interventions following ACL and\/or meniscal tears in young adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 22 systematic reviews (142 trials of mostly men) evaluating ACL-injured individuals and none evaluating isolated meniscal injuries. We synthesised data from 16 reviews evaluating 12 different interventions. Moderate-certainty evidence was observed for: (1) neuromuscular electrical stimulation to improve quadriceps strength; (2) open versus closed kinetic chain exercises to be similarly effective for quadriceps strength and self-reported function; (3) structured home-based versus structured in-person rehabilitation to be similarly effective for quadriceps and hamstring strength and self-reported function; and (4) postoperative knee bracing being ineffective for physical function and laxity. There was low-certainty evidence that: (1) preoperative exercise therapy improves self-reported and physical function postoperatively; (2) cryotherapy reduces pain and analgesic use; (3) psychological interventions improve anxiety\/fear; and (4) whole body vibration improves quadriceps strength. There was very low-certainty evidence that: (1) protein-based supplements improve quadriceps size; (2) blood flow restriction training improves quadriceps size; (3) neuromuscular control exercises improve quadriceps and hamstring strength and self-reported function; and (4) continuous passive motion has no effect on range of motion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The general level of evidence for rehabilitation after ACL or meniscal tear was low. Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that several rehabilitation types can improve quadriceps strength, while brace use has no effect on knee function\/laxity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T17:23:11Z","timestamp":1656523391000},"page":"1445-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries: a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews for the OPTIKNEE consensus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G","family":"Culvenor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael 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