{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:34:02Z","timestamp":1787510042379,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Haymon Boxing"},{"name":"UFC"},{"name":"Bellator promotions"},{"name":"Top Rank Promotions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the characteristics of those who fulfil the recent National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke (NINDS) Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES) and test whether they show differences in MRI-based regional brain volumes, cognitive domains, and certain plasma biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional fighters 35 years of age or older and\/or retired were included. Participants were categorised as either having TES (TES+) or not (non-TES). TES+ participants were further subtyped by their cognitive profile. Multiple linear regression models were used to compare MRI-based regional brain volumes, cognitive performance, plasma tau and neurofilament light levels between TES\u2013 and TES+ groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>176 participants (110 boxers and 66 MMA) were included in the analysis. 72 (41%)\/176 were categorised as having TES, the likelihood of TES increasing with age. TES+ participants tended to be boxers, started fighting at a younger age, had more professional fights and knocked out more frequently. The TES+ group had lower regional brain volumes including both grey and white matter structures. TES+ also had lower scores on simple and choice reaction time, psychomotor speed and Trails A .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The new TES criteria does distinguish a group of fighters with differences in regional brain volumes and reduced cognitive function. Our findings support the use of the NINDS criteria for TES in further research of the long-term effects of repetitive head impacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T13:20:19Z","timestamp":1671024019000},"page":"389-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome: application of new criteria to a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guogen","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4040-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Bernick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804766-8.00018-2"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1515-z"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2396","article-title":"Research gaps and controversies in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a review","volume":"74","author":"Asken","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011850","article-title":"National Institute of neurological disorders and stroke consensus diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Katz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8334"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws456"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520160083020"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093877"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.05.007"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2017.1383994","article-title":"Reliability and concurrent validity of select C3 Logix test components","volume":"42","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.12.003"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12248"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008817","article-title":"Longitudinal change in regional brain volumes with exposure to repetitive head impacts","volume":"94","author":"Bernick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003154","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain protein is a measure of disease intensity in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"87","author":"Rohrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003246","article-title":"Plasma tau in Alzheimer disease","volume":"87","author":"Mattsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2011.10.008","article-title":"Exact two-stage designs for phase II activity trials with rank-based endpoints","volume":"33","author":"Wilding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2024051422454696000_57.7.389.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan G . 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