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NOC and Tokyo 2020 medical staff reported 1035 injuries and 438 illnesses, equalling 9.1 injuries and 3.9 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 9% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and 4% at least one illness. The incidence of injury was highest in boxing (27%), BMX racing (27%), BMX freestyle (22%), skateboarding (21%), karate (19%) and handball (18%), of which both BMX freestyle and skateboarding were new events, and lowest in diving, road cycling, rowing, marathon swimming and shooting (1\u20132%). Marathon and artistic swimming presented the highest illness incidences (both 8%), followed by skateboarding and karate (both 7%). In the study period, COVID-19 affected 18 athletes, accounting for 4% of all illnesses and 0.16% of all athletes. Exertional heat illness affected 78 athletes (18% of all illnesses, 0.7% of all athletes), the majority (88%) resulting in no time lost from sport.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 9% of the athletes incurred an injury and 4% an illness during the Games. Comprehensive countermeasures helped mitigate both COVID-19 and exertional heat illnesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T01:00:16Z","timestamp":1670979616000},"page":"46-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["New sports, COVID-19 and the heat: sports injuries and illnesses in the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"Soligard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6238-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Dias","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Grek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Shimakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Elaine","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8604-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margo","family":"Mountjoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Budgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2294-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096581"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.06.004"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0024-x"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101696"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093347"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100236"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097956"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094538"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092380"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.076992"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509339357"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00339-1"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101772"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20589"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.008136"},{"key":"2024051422514066000_57.1.46.16","unstructured":"Olympic Charter - the organisation, action and operation of the Olympic Movement. 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