{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:27:38Z","timestamp":1793824058316,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed Fund for Basic Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed Fund for Basic Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17103818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17103818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17105920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17105920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17110722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17110722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine and compare the dose\u2013response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adipose tissue in overweight and obese adults, while controlling for the weekly energy deficit induced by the interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing exercise or caloric restriction against eucaloric controls in overweight or obese adults. The primary outcome was the change in visceral fat measured by CT or MRI. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed to determine the overall effect size (ES) and the dose\u2013dependent relationship of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral fat. Heterogeneity, risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty randomised controlled trials involving 2190 participants were included. Overall, exercise (ES \u22120.28 (\u22120.37 to \u22120.19); p&lt;0.001; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =25%) and caloric restriction (ES \u22120.53 (\u22120.71 to \u22120.35); p&lt;0.001; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =33%) reduced visceral fat compared with the controls. Exercise demonstrated a dose\u2013response effect of \u22120.15 ((\u22120.23 to \u22120.07); p&lt;0.001) per 1000 calories deficit per week, whereas the effect of caloric restriction was not dose-dependent (ES 0.03 (\u22120.12 to 0.18); p=0.64). Most of the studies showed a moderate risk of bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the dose\u2013dependent effects of exercise to reduce visceral fat in overweight and obese adults. Caloric restriction did not demonstrate a dose\u2013response relationship, although this may be attributed to the smaller number of studies available for analysis, compared with exercise studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020210096.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1674220846000},"page":"1035-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Dose\u2013response effects of exercise and caloric restriction on visceral adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Recchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chit K.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus P.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-6703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welton","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny J.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Y.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6821-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen H.S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parco M.","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Obesity and overweight [Fact sheet]; 2021."},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"Body fatness and Cancer-viewpoint of the IARC working group","volume":"375","author":"Lauby-Secretan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065174","article-title":"The age-specific quantitative effects of metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a pooled analysis","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60105-0"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496183"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161365.GL","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity","volume":"22 Suppl 3","author":"Garvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442721"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.11","first-page":"51","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the Identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults--the evidence report. National institutes of health","volume":"6 Suppl 2","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802006"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890802004959"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13594","article-title":"Fat and cardiometabolic risk: location, location, location","volume":"21","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30084-1","article-title":"Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement","volume":"7","author":"Neeland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12406","article-title":"A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue","volume":"17","author":"Verheggen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity Reviews"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.08.034","article-title":"Rate of weight loss can be predicted by patient characteristics and intervention strategies","volume":"112","author":"Finkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803683"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00355.2011"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345235","article-title":"Metabolic response to exercise","volume":"26","author":"De Feo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.59"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/38447238"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.23","unstructured":"Higgins JPT , Thomas J , Chandler J , et al . Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2, 2021."},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"2","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.26","unstructured":"The GRADE working group . Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the grade approach updated October 2013, 2013. https:\/\/guidelinedevelopment.org\/handbook"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i11"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428106291059"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.29","unstructured":"Johnson NL , Kotz S . Continuous univariate distributions. New York: John Wiley, 1970."},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.05.009"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1262"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein M , Hedges LV , Higgins JPT . Introduction to meta-analysis, 2009.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.33","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine . ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000."},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.34","unstructured":"Heyward VH , Gibson AL . Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription. In: Kinetics H , ed. 7th. Champaign, IL, 2010."},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0060"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00008"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.95"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.70","article-title":"Endurance training per se increases metabolic health in young, moderately overweight men","volume":"20","author":"Nordby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03045.x"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22304"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100036"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1271789"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000281"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.01012.x"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.07.017"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00853.2006"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.431"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112824","article-title":"Exercise mitigates the loss of muscle mass by attenuating the activation of autophagy during severe energy deficit","volume":"11","author":"Martin-Rincon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1218"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab027","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation characterizes short-term resistance to weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet in overweight\/obese individuals","volume":"114","author":"Whytock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004377","article-title":"Metabolic and behavioral compensations in response to caloric restriction: implications for the maintenance of weight loss","volume":"4","author":"Redman","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3253"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802253180802"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.599"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114857"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2002.00057.x"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNab BK . What determines the basal rate of metabolism? J Exp Biol 2019;166.doi:10.1242\/jeb.205591","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205591"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi253"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90676-9"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0310-7","article-title":"Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR working group on visceral obesity","volume":"16","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.248","article-title":"The relationship of waist circumference and BMI to visceral, subcutaneous, and total body fat: sex and race differences","volume":"19","author":"Camhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.6.1330","article-title":"Waist circumference and abdominal adipose tissue distribution: influence of age and sex","volume":"81","author":"Kuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014918","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"98","author":"Abdelbasset","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923575","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1923575","article-title":"Effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"2020","author":"Abdelbasset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019471","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comparative randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Abdelbasset","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.558"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150308","article-title":"Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Hallsworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5717\/jenb.2014.18.3.277","article-title":"Effect of walking exercise on abdominal fat, insulin resistance and serum cytokines in obese women","volume":"18","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exerc Nutrition Biochem"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181801d40"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2256"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2012.36.3.211","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise intensity on abdominal and thigh adipose tissue and skeletal muscle attenuation in overweight women with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.022"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12781","article-title":"Effect of resistance training on liver fat and visceral adiposity in adults with obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Keating","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-084"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000906","article-title":"Effectiveness of exercise on visceral adipose tissue in older south asian women","volume":"48","author":"Lesser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.02.022","article-title":"Endurance exercise per se reduces the cardiovascular risk marker t-PA antigen in healthy, younger, overweight men","volume":"152","author":"Bladbjerg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00306.2014"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150447","article-title":"Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homoeostasis in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"130","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00128.2013"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E307","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.2.E307","article-title":"Plasma leptin in moderately obese men: independent effects of weight loss and aerobic exercise","volume":"279","author":"Thong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34860","article-title":"Twelve-week aerobic training decreases chemerin level and improves cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese men","volume":"1","author":"Saremi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J Sports Med"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.3.566","article-title":"Strength training and adiposity in premenopausal women: strong, healthy, and empowered study","volume":"86","author":"Schmitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0498-7"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00124.2005"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5465869","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5465869","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on fat loss and lean mass gain in mexican-american and korean premenopausal women","volume":"2017","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.86","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effect of high-intensity interval training protocol on abdominal fat reduction in overweight chinese women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kinesiology"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3202","article-title":"Effects of moderate and vigorous exercise on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071740","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5071740","article-title":"Comparable effects of high-intensity interval training and prolonged continuous exercise training on abdominal visceral fat reduction in obese young women","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.122"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.082883"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab240","article-title":"Weight loss and exercise differentially affect insulin sensitivity, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength in older adults with obesity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"77","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.277","article-title":"Resistance training improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese women despite a significative decrease in serum adiponectin levels","volume":"18","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.190"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000342467","article-title":"Weight-loss diet alone or combined with progressive resistance training induces changes in association between the cardiometabolic risk profile and abdominal fat depots","volume":"61","author":"Garc\u00eda-Unciti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0887-1","article-title":"Metabolomics identifies increases in the acylcarnitine profiles in the plasma of overweight subjects in response to mild weight loss: a randomized, controlled design study","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2565"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ad7f17","article-title":"Caloric restriction with or without exercise: the fitness versus fatness debate","volume":"42","author":"Larson-Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2184"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00530.x"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-018-0323-4","article-title":"Effect of weight loss on circulating fatty acid profiles in overweight subjects with high visceral fat area: a 12-week randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0768"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090110"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.02019.x"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy196","article-title":"Effects of intermittent and continuous calorie restriction on body weight and metabolism over 50 wk: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Sch\u00fcbel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac025","article-title":"Diverging metabolic effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in nutrient quality: a 12-week randomized controlled trial in subjects with abdominal obesity","volume":"116","author":"Schutte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6 Pt A","key":"2024051422552294000_57.16.1035.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.11.018","article-title":"Effects of alternate-day fasting or daily calorie restriction on body composition, fat distribution, and circulating adipokines: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Trepanowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T02:06:59Z","timestamp":1715738819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106304","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]}}}