{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:28:27Z","timestamp":1794493707610,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the role of fluid-based biomarkers, advanced neuroimaging, genetic testing and emerging technologies in defining and assessing neurobiological recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches of seven databases from 1 January 2001 through 24 March 2022 using keywords and index terms relevant to concussion, sports and neurobiological recovery. Separate reviews were conducted for studies involving neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, genetic testing and emerging technologies. A standardised method and data extraction tool was used to document the study design, population, methodology and results. Reviewers also rated the risk of bias and quality of each study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were included if they: (1) were published in English; (2) represented original research; (3) involved human research; (4) pertained only to SRC; (5) included data involving neuroimaging (including electrophysiological testing), fluid biomarkers or genetic testing or other advanced technologies used to assess neurobiological recovery after SRC; (6) had a minimum of one data collection point within 6 months post-SRC; and (7) contained a minimum sample size of 10 participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 205 studies met inclusion criteria, including 81 neuroimaging, 50 fluid biomarkers, 5 genetic testing, 73 advanced technologies studies (4 studies overlapped two separate domains). Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of neuroimaging and fluid-based biomarkers to detect the acute effects of concussion and to track neurobiological recovery after injury. Recent studies have also reported on the diagnostic and prognostic performance of emerging technologies in the assessment of SRC. In sum, the available evidence reinforces the theory that physiological recovery may persist beyond clinical recovery after SRC. The potential role of genetic testing remains unclear based on limited research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced neuroimaging, fluid-based biomarkers, genetic testing and emerging technologies are valuable research tools for the study of SRC, but there is not sufficient evidence to recommend their use in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020164558.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T20:00:12Z","timestamp":1686772812000},"page":"789-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Role of biomarkers and emerging technologies in defining and assessing neurobiological recovery after sport-related concussion: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8213-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason B","family":"Tabor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2849-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin L","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotrauma Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotrauma Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotrauma Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linden C","family":"Penner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben J","family":"Echemendia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Psychological and Neurobehavioral Associates, Inc, State College, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"William P","family":"Meehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6829-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Patricios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand South, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Makdissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Football League, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin A","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6899-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Premji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libraries, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn J","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9791-9475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"McCrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neurotrauma Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.965216","article-title":"Sports concussion assessment and management: future research directions","volume":"29","author":"McCrea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-022-09566-z","article-title":"Diffusion imaging of sport-related repetitive head impacts-a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Koerte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6956"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.03.008","article-title":"Blood-based biomarkers for the identification of sports-related concussion","volume":"35","author":"Anto-Ocrah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097464"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097447"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00538-w","article-title":"Sports related concussion: an emerging era in digital sports technology","volume":"4","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.10","unstructured":"Schneider KJ , Patricios J , Meeuwisse W , et al . The Amsterdam 2022 process: a summary of the methodology for the 6th international consensus conference on concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med 2023:bjsports-2022-106663."},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.1.59"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.4970"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1235285"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6055","article-title":"Prevalence of potentially clinically significant magnetic resonance imaging findings in athletes with and without sport-related concussion","volume":"36","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102002"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24500"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.101627","article-title":"Linked MRI signatures of the brain\u2019s acute and persistent response to concussion in female varsity rugby players","volume":"21","author":"Manning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3698"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00368","article-title":"Ampar peptide values in blood of nonathletes and club sport athletes with concussions","volume":"178","author":"Dambinova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2133","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006617","article-title":"Concussion basics III: serum biomarker changes following sport-related concussion","volume":"91","author":"Asken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802319R"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0493","article-title":"Serum protein biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cerebrovascular and glial injury in concussed Australian football players","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902842R","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury increases plasma astrocyte-derived exosome levels of neurotoxic complement proteins","volume":"34","author":"Goetzl","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6831","article-title":"Acute effects of sport-related concussion on serum glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, total tau, and neurofilament light measured by a multiplex assay","volume":"37","author":"Asken","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa137","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain, but not tau, are biomarkers of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Laverse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.19771","article-title":"Association of blood biomarkers with acute sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes: findings from the NCAA and department of defense care consortium","volume":"3","author":"McCrea","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-020-00256-7","article-title":"Prolonged elevation of serum neurofilament light after concussion in male Australian football players","volume":"9","author":"McDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.03.002","article-title":"Blood biomarkers are associated with brain function and blood flow following sport concussion","volume":"319","author":"Di Battista","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1402-y","article-title":"Evidence of a distinct peripheral inflammatory profile in sport-related concussion","volume":"16","author":"Di Battista","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e497","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007864","article-title":"Acute elevation of serum inflammatory markers predicts symptom recovery after concussion","volume":"93","author":"Nitta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25725"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.11.015","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in sport-related concussion","volume":"100","author":"Meier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253134","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow is associated with matrix metalloproteinase levels during the early symptomatic phase of concussion","volume":"16","author":"Churchill","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-016-1131-5","article-title":"Metabolomics profiling of concussion in adolescent male hockey players: a novel diagnostic method","volume":"12","author":"Daley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195318","article-title":"Plasma metabolomic biomarkers accurately classify acute mild traumatic brain injury from controls","volume":"13","author":"Fiandaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7125","article-title":"Concussion acutely decreases plasma glycerophospholipids in adolescent male athletes","volume":"38","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.787480","article-title":"Putative concussion biomarkers identified in adolescent male athletes using targeted plasma proteomics","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1573379","article-title":"Exploratory study of sport-related concussion effects on peripheral micro-RNA expression","volume":"33","author":"Svingos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/11772719221081318","article-title":"Decrease in plasma miR-27a and miR-221 after concussion in Australian football players","volume":"17","author":"Shultz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomark Insights"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5046"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1432892","article-title":"An investigation of neuroinjury biomarkers after sport-related concussion: from the subacute phase to clinical recovery","volume":"32","author":"Di Battista","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311369"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.002","article-title":"Prospective study of the effects of sport-related concussion on serum kynurenine pathway metabolites","volume":"87","author":"Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.011"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.367","article-title":"Blood biomarkers for brain injury in concussed professional ice hockey players","volume":"71","author":"Shahim","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23072"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000735","article-title":"Blood biomarkers of sports-related concussion in pediatric athletes","volume":"31","author":"Anzalone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3741","article-title":"Serum tau fragments predict return to play in concussed professional ice hockey players","volume":"33","author":"Shahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7375","article-title":"Immunoglobulin A autoreactivity toward brain enriched and apoptosis-regulating proteins in saliva of athletes after acute concussion and subconcussive impacts","volume":"38","author":"Pin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-103274"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.645829","article-title":"Alterations in urine metabolomics following sport-related concussion: a 1H NMR-based analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wanner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013001","article-title":"Proteomic discovery of noninvasive biomarkers associated with sport-related concussions","volume":"98","author":"Daisy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.2038","article-title":"Neurochemical aftermath of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"73","author":"Shahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e610","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009983","article-title":"Neurofilament light as a biomarker in traumatic brain injury","volume":"95","author":"Shahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5002","article-title":"Serial assessment of gray matter abnormalities after sport-related concussion","volume":"34","author":"Espa\u00f1a","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232053","article-title":"An investigation of plasma interleukin-6 in sport-related concussion","volume":"15","author":"Di Battista","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206466","article-title":"No change in plasma tau and serum neurofilament light concentrations in adolescent athletes following sport-related concussion","volume":"13","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7479","article-title":"Elevated serum interleukin-1\u03b2 levels in male, but not female, collision sport athletes with a concussion history","volume":"38","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E38","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000252","article-title":"Psychological and physiological markers of stress in concussed athletes across recovery milestones","volume":"32","author":"Hutchison","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1018324","article-title":"Serum visinin-like protein-1 in concussed professional ice hockey players","volume":"29","author":"Shahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003912","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light as a biomarker for mild traumatic brain injury in contact sports","volume":"88","author":"Shahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13191","article-title":"Plasma biomarker concentrations associated with return to sport following sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes-a concussion assessment, research, and education (care) Consortium study","volume":"3","author":"Pattinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003587"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00651","article-title":"Sex differences in circulating t-tau trajectories after sports-concussion and correlation with outcome","volume":"11","author":"Mondello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-020-0339-3","article-title":"The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion","volume":"21","author":"Di Battista","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000605","article-title":"The association of saliva cytokines and pediatric sports-related concussion outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Seeger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54923-3","article-title":"Peripheral blood neuroendocrine hormones are associated with clinical indices of sport-related concussion","volume":"9","author":"Di Battista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715001022"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1177491","article-title":"Relationship between the apolipoprotein E gene and headache following sports-related concussion","volume":"38","author":"Merritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6590","article-title":"Association between (GT) N promoter polymorphism and recovery from concussion: a pilot study","volume":"37","author":"McDevitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4191","article-title":"Genome-Wide changes in peripheral gene expression following sports-related concussion","volume":"33","author":"Merchant-Borna","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000191","article-title":"Sports-Related concussion results in differential expression of nuclear factor-\u03baB pathway genes in peripheral blood during the acute and subacute periods","volume":"31","author":"Gill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.090"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.12.022"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munia TTK , Haider A , Fazel-Rezai R . Evidence of brain functional deficits following sport-related mild traumatic brain injury. 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC); Seogwipo.2017:3212\u20135 doi:10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037540","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037540"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.26.1.55.23936","article-title":"Visual p300 effects beyond symptoms in concussed college athletes","volume":"26","author":"Lavoie","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215953.44097.FA"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.654590"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39009","article-title":"Auditory biological marker of concussion in children","volume":"6","author":"Kraus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy317"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.81","first-page":"81","article-title":"In-clinic event related potentials after sports concussion: a 4-year study","volume":"13","author":"Clayton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93218-4","article-title":"Psycho-affective health, cognition, and neurophysiological functioning following sports-related concussion in symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes, and control athletes","volume":"11","author":"Sicard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-107250","article-title":"Investigating a novel measure of brain networking following sports concussion","volume":"37","author":"Broglio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9412-6"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1231343","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of brain network activation (BNA) and its clinical utility in sport-related concussion","volume":"31","author":"Reches","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000722","article-title":"Quantitative multimodal assessment of concussion recovery in youth athletes","volume":"31","author":"Howell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1763459","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal investigation shows correlation of event-related potential to mild traumatic brain injury in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Laufer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181e67923"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2011.608216"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318247b54e"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6365","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging indicators of white matter injury are correlated with a multimodal electroencephalography-based biomarker in slow recovering, concussed collegiate athletes","volume":"37","author":"Wilde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000328","article-title":"The use of an electrophysiological brain function index in the evaluation of concussed athletes","volume":"33","author":"Brooks","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2008.918422"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.009"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37349","article-title":"Validation of a machine learning brain electrical activity-based index to aid in diagnosing concussion among athletes","volume":"4","author":"Bazarian","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.734501","article-title":"Deep learning recurrent neural network for concussion classification in adolescents using RAW electroencephalography signals: toward a minimal number of sensors","volume":"15","author":"Thanjavur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91614-4","article-title":"Recurrent neural network-based acute concussion classifier using RAW resting state EEG data","volume":"11","author":"Thanjavur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000135787.73757.4D"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.3989"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000337","article-title":"Heart rate variability of athletes across concussion recovery milestones: a preliminary study","volume":"27","author":"Senthinathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000409","article-title":"Reduced resting and increased elevation of heart rate variability with cognitive task performance in concussed athletes","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000355","article-title":"Heart rate variability following youth concussion: how do autonomic regulation and concussion symptoms differ over time postinjury?","volume":"4","author":"Paniccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001833","article-title":"Attenuation of spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity after concussion","volume":"51","author":"LA Fountaine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00499.2016"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000734","article-title":"Autonomic dysregulation in adolescent concussion is sex- and posture-dependent","volume":"31","author":"Balestrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.04.005","article-title":"Sex differences in the buffalo concussion treadmill test in adolescents with acute sport-related concussion","volume":"24","author":"Chizuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0258","article-title":"The dynamic exertion test for sport-related concussion: a comparison of athletes at return-to-play and healthy controls","volume":"17","author":"Kochick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-04932-4","article-title":"The acute, systemic effects of aerobic exercise in recently concussed adolescent student-athletes: preliminary findings","volume":"122","author":"Worts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00395","article-title":"The predictive capacity of the buffalo concussion treadmill test after sport-related concussion in adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Haider","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.620757","article-title":"Preliminary evidence of orthostatic intolerance and altered cerebral vascular control following sport-related concussion","volume":"12","author":"Worley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-573-18","article-title":"Attenuated cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test in concussed collegiate athletes","volume":"55","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14683","article-title":"Use of mayer wave activity to demonstrate aberrant cardiovascular autonomic control following sports concussion injury","volume":"1507","author":"La Fountaine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5020","article-title":"A prospective transcranial Doppler ultrasound-based evaluation of the acute and cumulative effects of sport-related concussion on neurovascular coupling response dynamics","volume":"34","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00196","article-title":"Sport-related concussion alters indices of dynamic cerebral autoregulation","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65798-1_59","article-title":"Systolic and diastolic regulation of the cerebral pressure-flow relationship differentially affected by acute sport-related concussion","volume":"126","author":"Wright","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5861","article-title":"Impaired cerebral vasoreactivity despite symptom resolution in sports-related concussion","volume":"36","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2019.04.004","article-title":"Reduced heart rate variability and lower cerebral blood flow associated with poor cognition during recovery following concussion","volume":"220","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2204","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012929","article-title":"Association of hemodynamic and cerebrovascular responses to exercise with symptom severity in adolescents and young adults with concussion","volume":"97","author":"Howell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182249539"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.743185"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3466","article-title":"Utility of pupillary light reflex metrics as a physiologic biomarker for adolescent sport-related concussion","volume":"138","author":"Master","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818789320","article-title":"Objective eye tracking deficits following concussion for youth seen in a sports medicine setting","volume":"33","author":"Howell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.0599","article-title":"Classification of comprehensive neuro-ophthalmologic measures of postacute concussion","volume":"4","author":"Feller","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001364","article-title":"Visuo-oculomotor function and reaction times in athletes with and without concussion","volume":"96","author":"Cochrane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6595","article-title":"Sport-Related concussions may rely on larger and faster saccadic eye movements during a sport-like visual task","volume":"37","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119865262"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000280","article-title":"Peripheral vestibular and balance function in athletes with and without concussion","volume":"43","author":"Christy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00611","article-title":"Association of visual tracking metrics with post-concussion symptomatology","volume":"9","author":"Maruta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1830173","article-title":"Eye movement performance and clinical outcomes among female athletes post-concussion","volume":"34","author":"Gallagher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5587","article-title":"Robotic assessment of motor, sensory, and cognitive function in acute sport-related concussion and recovery","volume":"36","author":"Mang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.188"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000261","article-title":"Determining sensitivity\/specificity of virtual reality-based neuropsychological tool for detecting residual abnormalities following sport-related concussion","volume":"30","author":"Teel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7040","article-title":"Concussion recovery evaluation using the inertial sensor instrumented Y balance test","volume":"37","author":"Johnston","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120923869","article-title":"Whole-Body metabolism, carbohydrate utilization, and caloric energy balance after sport concussion: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.4085\/359-20","article-title":"Factors associated with energy expenditure and energy balance in acute sport-related concussion","volume":"56","author":"Walton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2025080115284079000_57.12.789.136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2021.0008","article-title":"Relationship between sport-related concussion and sleep based on self-report and commercial actigraph measurement","volume":"2","author":"Considine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T22:28:57Z","timestamp":1754087337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}