{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T03:09:14Z","timestamp":1793070554627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Cooperative Education for Sports and Health, Baunatal, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify mechanisms and patterns of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adult women\u2019s professional football by means of video match analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>ACL match injuries sustained in Germany\u2019s first women\u2019s league during the 2016\u20132017 to 2022\u20132023 seasons were prospectively analysed by three expert raters using a standardised observation form. Epidemiological and injury data, as well as the medical history of ACL tears, were obtained from media reports and the statutory accident insurance for professional athletes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-seven ACL injuries sustained in official football matches were included in the video analysis, of which 24 (65%) had associated knee injuries, mainly meniscus and collateral ligament injuries. According to the categorised contact mechanisms, 17 (46%) were non-contact injuries, 14 indirect contact injuries (38%) and six direct contact injuries (16%). Of the 17 non-contact injuries, seven (41%) occurred during the first 15\u2009min of the match. Contact mechanisms did not differ between primary and secondary ACL injuries to the same or the contralateral side. Most injuries (80%) of field players occurred during horizontal movements such as sprinting (n=9, 26%), change-of-direction manoeuvres (n=7, 19%), stopping (n=5, 14%) and lunging (n=5, 14%). Four distinct repetitive patterns of ACL match injuries were identified: (1) non-contact \u2018pressing ACL injury\u2019 (n=9), (2) indirect contact \u2018parallel sprinting and tackling ACL injury\u2019 (n=7), (3) direct contact \u2018knee-to-knee ACL injury\u2019 (n=6) and (4) non-contact \u2018landing ACL injury\u2019 (n=4).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most of the identified patterns of ACL injuries in women\u2019s professional football have great potential for prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T17:25:14Z","timestamp":1714411514000},"page":"709-716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Four distinct patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women\u2019s professional football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 37 match 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