{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:14:02Z","timestamp":1791234842447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018\u20132021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively recorded and further subcategorised according to time loss. The IR and burden (injury IR\u00d7mean injury severity) were calculated per 365 athlete days, with sex differences in IR compared using IR ratios (IRR) from negative binomial regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two hundred and sixty-six injuries were reported in 46 (92.0%) athletes, of which 67.3% resulted in time loss. The injury IR was 1.87 injuries per 365 athlete days (95% CI 1.70 to 2.80), and comparable between sexes (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.04, p=0.109). Most injuries (70.7%) were training related. The most frequently injured body sites were the ankle (15.8%), foot (12.4%) and lower leg (12.0%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most burdensome injury type with 31.38\u2009days of time loss per 365 days (95% CI 24.42 to 38.34). Twenty athletes (40.0%) reported at least one bone stress injury (BSI) (range 0\u20133). The rate of BSIs in female athletes was three times greater compared with male athletes (IRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.07, p=0.013).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two-thirds of injuries reported in elite short-course triathletes resulted in time loss, with the majority occurring during training activities. Foot, ankle and other lower leg injuries had the highest incidence, with BSIs carrying the highest injury burden. The considerably higher rate of BSI observed in female athletes warrants consideration for future prevention strategies in female triathletes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T13:25:18Z","timestamp":1707398718000},"page":"470-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Injury incidence and prevalence in elite short-course triathletes: a 4-year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8366-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa Leith","family":"Crunkhorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3312-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam Anthony","family":"Toohey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"},{"name":"AIS Performance, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Drew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Health, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naroa","family":"Etxebarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0245","article-title":"Olympic preparation of a world-class female triathlete","volume":"9","author":"Mujika","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.02.009","article-title":"A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509356979"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-78522014220400895","article-title":"Profile of injures prevalence in athletes who participated in SESC Triathlon Caiob\u00e1-2011","volume":"22","author":"Bertola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.27.1.42","article-title":"Triathlon and the multisport athlete","volume":"27","author":"Cipriani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.7","first-page":"1160","article-title":"A non-operative approach to the management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in a triathlete: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700515"},{"key":"2025080113471619000_58.9.470.9","first-page":"197","article-title":"An epidemiological study of overuse injuries in Italian national triathletes in the period 1987\u20131990. 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