{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T08:43:43Z","timestamp":1794473023634,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1190882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1190882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2008523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2008523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate how knee extensor and flexor strength change over time after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systematic review with longitudinal meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus to 28 February 2023.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies of primary ACLR (n\u226550), with mean participant age 18\u201340 years, reporting a quantitative measure of knee extensor or flexor strength were eligible. Muscle strength had to be reported for the ACL limb and compared with: (1) the contralateral limb (within-person); and\/or (2) an uninjured control limb (between-person).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 232 studies of 34\u2009220 participants. Knee extensor and flexor strength showed sharp initial improvement postoperatively before tailing off at approximately 12\u201318 months post surgery with minimal change thereafter. Knee extensor strength was reduced by more than 10% compared with the contralateral limb and approximately 20% compared with uninjured controls at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Knee flexor strength showed smaller deficits but was still 5%\u20137%\u2009lower than the contralateral limb at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Between-person comparisons showed larger deficits than within-person comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knee extensor muscle strength is meaningfully reduced (&gt;10%) at 1 year, with limited improvement after this time up to and beyond 5 years post surgery. Many people likely experience persistent and potentially long-term strength deficits after ACLR. Comparison within person (to the contralateral limb) likely underestimates strength deficits in contrast to uninjured controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T13:20:13Z","timestamp":1728566413000},"page":"423-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Tale of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review with longitudinal and multivariate meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Girdwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G","family":"Culvenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebonie K","family":"Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The Australian Ballet, Southbank, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"The Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke E","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Haberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6481-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamon","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mentiplay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hedger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5892-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay M","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096031"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.10.008"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-022-04266-4"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105495"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106299"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100310"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099982"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118822739"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-140543"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.10","article-title":"Knee flexor strength recovery following hamstring tendon harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Ardern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821342"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1357-0"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-1992-x"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113518305","article-title":"Functional Performance Testing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review","volume":"2","author":"Abrams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01386-6"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967121991534","article-title":"Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Uninjured Matched Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7285"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.04.031"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.19","first-page":"27","article-title":"Asymmetries of the Lower Limb: The Calculation Conundrum in Strength Training and Conditioning","volume":"38","author":"Bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"S & C J"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.08.012"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106158"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00069.2013"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.10.012"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-103987"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107536"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099257"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.004"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.28","unstructured":"Higgins JPT , Green S . Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [Version 5.1.0]. Chichester, West Sussex; Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011."},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.29","unstructured":"RStudio Team . RStudio: integrated development for R. Boston, MA: RStudio, PBC; 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com [accessed 16 Nov 2021]"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-32","article-title":"The ratio of means method as an alternative to mean differences for analyzing continuous outcome variables in meta-analysis: a simulation study","volume":"8","author":"Friedrich","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/177062"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.06.001"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0423.1"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774512453218"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774507083567"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-021-01246-3"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.39","unstructured":"Harrell FE . rms: Regression modeling strategies. 2023. Available: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rms"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell FE . General aspects of fitting regression models. In: Harrell FE , ed. Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 13\u201344. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7_2"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.41","unstructured":"Pustejovsky JE . ClubSandwich: cluster-robust (sandwich) variance estimators with small-sample corrections. 2022. Available: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=clubSandwich"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010247","article-title":"Plea for routinely presenting prediction intervals in meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"IntHout","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.43","unstructured":"Raudenbush S . Analyzing Effect Sizes: Random Effects Models. 2nd edn. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2009:295\u2013315."},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1040"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986017004341"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000300"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06517-8"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211021592","article-title":"Prognostic Factors for Patient-Reported Outcomes at 32 to 37 Years After Surgical or Nonsurgical Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury","volume":"9","author":"Filbay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120946323"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-023-00666-5","article-title":"Restoring Knee Flexor Strength Symmetry Requires 2 Years After ACL Reconstruction, But Does It Matter for Second ACL Injuries? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"H\u00f6gberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068279","article-title":"SUpervised exercise-therapy and Patient Education Rehabilitation (SUPER) versus minimal intervention for young adults at risk of knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: SUPER-Knee randomised controlled trial protocol","volume":"13","author":"Culvenor","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.11360"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuenze C , Hertel J , Saliba S , et al . Clinical thresholds for quadriceps assessment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 2015. Available: https:\/\/journals-humankinetics-com.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au\/view\/journals\/jsr\/24\/1\/article-p36.xml [Accessed 05 Aug 2024].","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2013-0110"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000946"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.08.004"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01102-z"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01400-x"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-480-16"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.0608"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4712-6"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2021.01.001"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10833196.2023.2195213"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500410001670690"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115620770","article-title":"Increased Compliance With Supervised Rehabilitation Improves Functional Outcome and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Recreational Athletes","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.14.3.202"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00258-7","article-title":"The Influence, Barriers to and Facilitators of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation Adherence and Participation: a Scoping Review","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01419-0"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24489"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-414-17"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102157","article-title":"Corticospinal tract structure and excitability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A DTI and TMS study","volume":"25","author":"Lepley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13322"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34260-2","article-title":"Brain activity associated with quadriceps strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"13","author":"Criss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13394"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.07.005"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.30020","article-title":"A Multi-Systems Approach to Human Movement after ACL Reconstruction: The Nervous System","volume":"17","author":"Chaput","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2021.03.009"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000000688"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098502"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515606126"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2022.2079986"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.03.004"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1669-8"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098974"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.767941","article-title":"Establishing Reference Values for Isometric Knee Extension and Flexion Strength","volume":"12","author":"\u0160arabon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.11961"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105510"},{"key":"2025080114305474000_59.6.423.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106099"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T21:31:07Z","timestamp":1754083867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0480","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]}}}