{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:33:00Z","timestamp":1789669980888,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"23","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To develop and evaluate a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess people\u2019s knowledge and beliefs about low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines. An 18-item preliminary version of the Back pain Knowledge and beliefs Survey (BacKS) was generated based on evidence-based key messages and current clinical guidelines for low back pain. Four items were added following input from three consumers and seven experts. Focus groups (n=9) confirmed content validity. The 22-item version was completed by 258 Australian-based adults (&gt;18 years) with self-reported low back pain. A follow-up survey was sent 1\u2009week later. The following measurement properties were evaluated to produce, and then assess the final version of BacKS: structural validity (exploratory factor analysis); internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha); test\u2013retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient); measurement error (Smallest Detectable Change); construct validity (hypothesis tested: moderate positive Pearson correlation between BacKS and Back Beliefs Questionnaire); plus, interpretability and feasibility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The final BacKS comprised 20 items with a 2-factor structure (biomedical factor: 9 items, score ranging from 9 to 45, and self-care factor: 11 items, score ranging from 11 to 55). Internal consistency and reliability were adequate (&gt;0.70) for each factor. Smallest detectable change was 4.4 (biomedical factor) and 7.0 (self-care factor). Our construct validity hypothesis was confirmed (Pearson correlation=0.53). No floor or ceiling effects were detected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The BacKS is a valid, reliable and feasible PROM to measure knowledge and beliefs about low back pain in clinical practice and research settings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T18:07:11Z","timestamp":1727201231000},"page":"1426-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Back pain Knowledge and beliefs Survey (BacKS): development and assessment of measurement properties"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8188-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia Amaral","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Mathieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6195-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6248-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Darlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1206-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul William","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7061-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.09.010"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.4","first-page":"e316","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5(6)","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2022.100413","article-title":"Which psychosocial factors are related to severe pain and functional limitation in patients with low back pain?: Psychosocial factors related to severe low back pain","volume":"26","author":"Corr\u00eaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5673-2"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006"},{"key":"2024120202053574000_58.23.1426.8","unstructured":"National Guideline Centre (UK) . 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