{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:34:03Z","timestamp":1787016843365,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Sports Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the impact of running a sub-4\u2009min mile on longevity. It was hypothesised that there would be an increase in longevity for runners who successfully completed a sub-4 min mile compared with the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of this retrospective cohort study, the Sub-4 Alphabetic Register was used to extract the first 200 athletes to run a sub-4\u2009min mile. Each runner\u2019s date of birth, date of their first successful mile attempt, current age (if alive) or age at death was compared with the United Nations Life Tables to determine the difference in each runner\u2019s current age or age at death with their country of origin-specific life expectancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the first 200 sub-4\u2009min mile runners (100% male), 60 were dead (30%) and 140 were still alive. Sub-4\u2009min mile runners lived an average of 4.7 years beyond their predicted life expectancy (95%\u2009CI 4.7 to 4.8). When accounting for the decade of completion (1950s, 1960s or 1970s), the longevity benefits were 9.2 years (n=22; 95%\u2009CI 8.3 to 10.1), 5.5 years (n=88; 95%\u2009CI 5.3 to 5.7) and 2.9 years (n=90; 95%\u2009CI 2.7 to 3.1), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sub-4\u2009min mile runners have increased longevity compared with the general population, thereby challenging the notion that extreme endurance exercise may be detrimental to longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T12:10:12Z","timestamp":1715343012000},"page":"717-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Outrunning the grim reaper: longevity of the first 200 sub-4 min mile male runners"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7651-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Foulkes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Skow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Dover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padma","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"La Gerche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Haykowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460260600786930"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bale J . Roger Bannister and the four-minute mile: sports myth and sports history. London: Routledge, 2012.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203337585"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460263.2011.554716"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.4","unstructured":"Phillips B , Smith IR , Sparks R . The Sub-4 Alphabetic Register [Track Stats, National Union of Track Statisticians]. 2022. Available: https:\/\/nuts.org.uk\/index.htm"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-018-0674-3","article-title":"The \"extreme exercise hypothesis\": recent findings and cardiovascular health implications","volume":"20","author":"Eijsvogels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000749"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000117117.67849.F6"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01142-5"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.023"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1271711"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht347"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-101696"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113362","article-title":"Row for your life: a century of mortality follow-up of French Olympic rowers","volume":"9","author":"Antero-Jacquemin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maron BJ , Thompson PD . Longevity in elite athletes: the first 4-min milers. Lancet 2018;392. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31825-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31825-7"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.15","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division) . World population prospects. 2022. Available: https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/#:~:text=This%20latest%20assessment%20considers%20the,2100%20that%20reflect%20a%20range"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoem JM . Life Table. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.","DOI":"10.1002\/0470011815.b2a11046"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.17","unstructured":"Ederer F , Heise H . Instructions to IBM 650 programmers in processing survival computations. Methodological Note No.10. Bethesda. National Cancer Institute; 1959."},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01481-2"},{"key":"2024122800200684000_58.13.717.19","unstructured":"Wilt F . How They Train. 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